1．In his 1930essay"Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren"，John Keynes，a famous economist，wrote that human needs fall into two classes：absolute needs，which are independent of what other have，and relative needs，which make us feel superior to our fellows．He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable （无止境的） this is not true of absolute needs．
Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority．He was greatly mistaken，however，in seeing this desire as the only source of insatiable demands．
Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demands almost all goods，including even basic goods like food．When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner，for example，the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them．The goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals．
There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demand for quality．For example，Porsche famous car producer，has a model which was considered perhaps the best sport car on the market．Priced at over $120，000，it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration．But in 2000the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling acceleration．People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting．To them，however，they must pay almost four times the price．
By placing the desire to be superior to other at the heart of his description of insatiable demands，Keynes actually reduced such demands．However，the desire for higher quality has natural limits．
72．According to the passage，John Keynes Believed thatC．
A．desire is the root of both absolute and relative needs
B．absolute needs come from our sense of superiority
C．relative needs alone lead to insatiable demands
D．absolute needs are stronger than relative needs
73．What do we know about the couple in Paragraph 3？D
A．They want to show their superiority
B．They find specialty important to meals
C．Their demands for food are not easily satisfied．
D．Their choice of dinner is related to ideas of quality．
74．What does the underlined word"escalation"in Paragraph 4probably mean？B
A．Understanding．B．Increase
C．DifferenceD．Study
75．The author of the passage thatA．
A．absolute needs have no limits
B．demands for quality are not insatiable
C．human desires influence ideas of quality
D．relative needs decide most of our spending．
分析 著名经济学家约翰•凯恩斯在他1930年的文章《我们后代的经济前景》中写道，人类需求分为两个部分：不受他人需求影响的绝对需求，以及让我们感到优于同伴的相对需求．他认为虽然相对需求确实是无止境的，但是这并不适用于绝对需求．凯恩斯说的很正确，只有总支出的一小部分是由占优势的渴望所决定的．然而，他误将这种渴望当作是永无止境的需求的唯一源泉．
解答 72．C 细节理解题．根据第一段最后一句中的"although relative needs may indeed be insatiable （无止境的），this is not true of absolute needs"可知，约翰•凯恩斯认为人类对于奢华生活的相对的需求可能会导致无止境的需求．故选C项．
73．D 细节理解题．根据第三段中的"Decision to spend are also driven by ideas of quality"和"the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them"，以及下面列举的例子可知，两人在结婚纪念日选择用餐可能是与平时不同，因为具有纪念意义．但想借此感受优越奢华生活的念头可能从来没有过．所以相对需求还是和平时生活质量有关．故选D项．
74．B 词义猜测题．根据第四段后面举的事例可知，人们对质量的要求的增长没有明显的限制．escalation的意思是"扩大；增加"，文中表示"对生活质量需求的增加"．故选B项．
75．A 作者意图题．根据文章第一段最后一句中的"although relative needs may indeed be insatiable（无止境的），this is not true of absolute needs"，第二段中的"He was greatly mistaken"以及文章中的其他内容可知，凯恩斯认为相对需求是无止境的．作者所做的就是辩驳他的论点，应是绝对需求无限，相对需求则和生活质量有关，是可控的、有条件性的和有限的，故选A项．
点评 本文是政治经济类阅读，考查学生对细节的理解把握和推理判断能力，做题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
