8．There is no doubt that a common language used throughout the world would do much to bring countries closer to each other．Though it is becoming increasingly easy to move from place to place，our inability to communicate with one another gives rise to numerous misunderstandings and makes real contact between people of differing nationalities impossible．Many attempts have been made to overcome this problem and they have all failed．The fear of foreign influence and domination rules out the universal acceptance of any one of the existing major languages．Aware of this difficulty，many linguists have constructed artificial languages which could have no possible political overtones （暗示）．They have argued that a language of this sort would perform much the same service as Latin did in the Middle Ages．
Although linguists succeeded in making their artificial languages extremely simple so that they would be easy to learn，their efforts seemed doomed from the start．The reason for this is that there is no real motivation to learn an artificial language．There is nothing to guarantee that everybody is willing to make the effort； there is no assurance that the learner will have any adequate return for his hard work．When people today undertake to learn a foreign language，they are not interested only in speaking it．Mastery of a language makes available to the learner a great deal of worthwhile literature and many current publications．This is the biggest stumbling-block of all for the artificially-constructed tongue．Having no literature of its own，all it can offer is a limited number of translations，which are valueless in themselves．Nor can it acquire any literature；for it would have to be used for a great many generations before this could become possible．Moreover，constant use over a long period would bring into being many'national'dialects and the language would thus defeat its own purpose．
Another serious objection is the fact that a language is shaped by use and not by design．It is a living thing which is forever growing and changing．It takes hundreds of years before it can acquire richness and depth．In an artificial language，however，the meanings of words are rigidly defined．Inflexibility makes for an absence of subtlety （微妙），so that no really fine meaning can be conveyed．Though this quality might be admirable for scientific publications，it greatly slows the formation of any significant literature．Latin was ideal in this respect，for it was a'dead'language with a literature； an artificial one is'dead'from the start．This makes it likely that existing language barriers will remain with us for a very long time．
59．What would be the best title for this passage？C
A．A Solution to Language Barrier
B．Language Barriers In Communication
C．Problems With Artificial Languages
D．Latin，A Dead But Ideal Language
60．What does the underlined word"doomed"in Paragraph 2mean？A
A．defeated B．acclaimed C．disliked D．welcomed
61．Artificial languages haven't succeeded in overcoming language barriers mainly becauseB．
A．they lack motivation to learners
B．they have no literature of their own
C．they are designed but not shaped in use
D．they will be mixed with national dialects
62．The author's attitude towards artificial languages can be best described asD．
A．optimistic B．sarcastic C．positive D．negative．
分析 本文中主要是在谈论人造语言所面临的各种问题．
解答 CABD
59．C 主旨题．虽然 A、B、D三项本文都有所涉及，但都不能最好地概括文章主题．通览全文，我们可以看到，作者在本文中主要还是在谈人造语言所面临的各种问题．
60．A 词汇题．第二段第一句讲，"虽然语言学家把人造语言编造得极其简单，以便于人们学习掌握，但他们的努力似乎一开始就…"． 接下来一句便对这一结果解释说，其原因在于学人造语言缺乏一种真正的incentive（刺激，鼓励）．由此可以推断，语言学家的努力没有成功．
61．B 推理题，问人造语言没有成功地克服语言障碍的原因是什么，推理依据为第二段第五、六两句．这两句话是：Mastery of a language makes available to the learner a great deal of worthwhile literature and many current publications．This is the biggist stumbling-block of all for the artificially-constructed tongue．
62．D 主旨题，问作者对人造语言持什么态度．全文都在讲人造语言所存在的问题，当然也就是持否定态度了．
点评 阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．
