Question

People with disabilities make up a large part of the population. It is estimated（估计） that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are “developmental", i.e., they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious", i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces.

Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basics are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.

In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements（违反, 侵犯）of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes.

Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.

Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.

Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society.

1．A “developmental" disability ______.

A. develops very slowly over time       B. occurs in youth and affects development

C. is caused by forces                 D. is getting more and more severe

2．Most disabled people used to die early because ______.

  A. disabilities destroyed major bodily functions   

B. medical techniques were not available 

C. they were not very well looked after

D. they were too poor to get proper treatment

3．In the author's opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society, ____.

A. more laws should be passed            B. more public facilities should be set up

C. government should provide more aids    D. public attitudes should be changed

4．Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?

  A. Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life.

B. Discriminatory（带歧视性的）laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others.

C. The public tends to look down upon the disabled people.

  D. The disabled people feel inferior to（低于）those surrounding them.

5．The best title for this passage might be ______.   

  A. Handicaps（障碍）of People with Disabilities

  B. The physical difficulties of the Disabled

  C. The Causes for Disabilities

D. Medical Treatments for Disabilities

Answer 1

1．B

2．B

3．D

4．B

5．A

【解析】

试题分析：文章介绍了残疾人的种类，遭遇到的种种不公，和如何解决这样的社会问题。

1．猜词题：从第一段的句子：they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development,可知这种残疾是年轻时得的影响发展的残疾。选B

2．推理判断题。根据第二段“．．．only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long．Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable”，可判断B．medical techniques were not available为最佳答案。C虽然也是原因，但不如B更直接，故排除；A和D文中均未提及。

3．细节题：从最后一段的句子：Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society.可知只有公共的态度改变残疾人才会有真正的地位。选D

4．排除题：从文章第四段的内容可以推理出A、C、D几项的意思，没有B项。

5．主旨题：文章主要讲解了残疾人遇到的障碍。选A

考点：考查社会现象类短文

点评：信息筛选类短文，可以先审题，再阅读短文，根据题目的要求，来选择这样就会有的放矢，阅读更有效率。