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    Linus Pauling，the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes，was born in Portland，Oregon. He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962，long after he had received his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Orgon State College in 1922. He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it.

    He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of complex substance. His interest in the “behavior” of molecules(分子) led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry，especially of the human body. He began with proteins and their main parts，the amino acids(氨基酸)，which are called the“building blocks of life”．In 1950，he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule，a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell.

    During World WarⅡ，Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security，for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However，the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules，he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures.

    From then on，Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bomb and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts，The Nuclear­Test­Ban Treaty，declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones，came into effect on October 10,1963，the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Peace.

    1.From the first Paragraph，we learn that Linus Pauling________.

    A．didn’t study hard while in Washington High School

    B．is the only scientist who has won two Nobel Prizes

    C．was once badly treated in Washington High School

    D．chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living

    2.Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first?

    A．The “behavior” of molecules.

    B．Physical chemistry.

    C．Biological chemistry.

    D．The human body.

    3.Which of the following is legal according to The Nuclear­Test­Ban Treaty?

    A．The use of nuclear weapons.

    B．Testing hydrogen bomb on the ground.

    C．Testing hydrogen bomb on underground.

    D．The production of hydrogen bombs.

    4.The main idea of the passage is to show________.

    A．Linus Pauling’s attitude towards nuclear weapons

    B．Linus Pauling’s contributions to the world

    C．Linus Pauling’s research on the structure of molecules

    D．Linus Pauling’s got the Nobel Prize for Peace

     

    【答案】

    1.D

    2.B

    3.C

    4.B

    【解析】略

     

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        The human body.
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        The use of nuclear weapons.
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        Testing hydrogen bomb on the ground.
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        Testing hydrogen bomb on underground.
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        The production of hydrogen bombs.
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      1. A.
        Linus Pauling’s attitude towards nuclear weapons
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        Linus Pauling’s contributions to the world
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