Question

阅读理解 　　Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been made illegal．But one popular form continues to exist, that is alphabetism(字母排序法)．This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames(姓氏)begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet． 　　It has long been known that the cars of a taxi firm called AAAA have a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers look through their phone directories．Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbot has in life over Zoe Zysman．English names are fairly spread between the halves of the alphabet．Yet a quite large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K． 　　Thus the American presidents and vice-presidents have surnames starting with Band C separately and 26 of those before George Bush took office(including his father)had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half．Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G 7rich countries are alphabetically advantaged(Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi)．The world's three top central bankers(Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami)are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters．The same case are the world's five richest men(Gates, Buffet and so on)． 　　Can this merely happen by chance? At the start of the first year in primary school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names．So shortsighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is seldom asked the improving questions by those teachers．At that time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape．Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly． 　　The unfairness continues．At university graduation parties, the ABCs proudly get their awards first．However, by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are a little tired．Lists of job interviews and conference speakers and attendees all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their readers lose interest as they plough through them． (1) What does the author intend to show with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars? [　　] A． An example of competition of two kinds of cars． B． Some advantages of AAAA cars in the taxi firm． C． An example of unfairness caused by alphabetism． D． Some disadvantages of Zodiac cars in the taxi firm． (2) What can we infer from the first three paragraphs? [　　] A． The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman． B． In both East and West, names are important to success． C． Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies' names． D． The discrimination in alphabetism can be found in many areas． (3) The fourth paragraph suggests that ________． [　　] A． alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class B． teachers should pay equal attention to all their students C． questions are often put to the more intelligent students D． students should be seated according to their eyesight (4) Which of the following is true according to the passage? [　　] A． VIPs in the western world gain a great deal from alphabetism． B． People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated． C． Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional unfairness． D． The movement to get rid of alphabetism still has a long way to go．

Answer 1

答案：1．C;2．D;3．B;4．C;
解析：

(1)	考查判断推理。本文是篇议论文，文章中所举例子都是为了说明作者观点的，因此文中提到AAAA cars和zodiac cars的对比就是为了说明第1段中作者提到的由于按照字母顺序排列而产生的不公平。
(2)	考查判断推理。文章第1段提出论点，第2段用不同行业，第3段用不同领域的成功者们的例子来证明自己的观点，因此选D。
(3)	考查判断推理。文章第4段主要是用来说明由按照字母排列而产生的不公平从小学就开始，同时暗示老师们要对学生们一视同仁，因此可以得知B项正确。
(4)	解析：考查细节理解。A根据文章作者观点可知A不正确；根据文章第1段中for those as yet unaware of such a discrimination可知B不正确而C正确；D文章没有提到。 　　文章大意：本篇文章作者提出按照字母顺序排列名字的做法无形中对那些姓名首字母靠后的人不公平的观点，并且列举许多不同领域的事例来证明这个观点。