Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue(税收) overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.
1.According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. All international managers can learn culture.
B. Business diversity is not necessary.
C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.
D. Most people do not know foreign culture well.
2.What does the underlined word “myopia” (in para. 3) mean?
A. difference B. similarity
C. foresight D. shortsightedness
3. We can infer from the passage that this article is supposed to be most useful for those_______
A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity
B. who have connections to more than one type of culture.
C. who want to travel abroad.
D. who want to run business on International Sale
4. According to Fortune, successful international companies___________ .
A. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas
B. all have the quality of patience
C. will follow the overseas local cultures
D. adopt the policy of internationalization
期末1卷素质教育评估卷系列答案科目：高中英语 来源：2016届四川乐山沫若中学高三12月月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：书面表达
书面表达
假定你是李华，你校与美国一所友好学校决定通过网络开展跨文化交流活动（Cross -cultural Communication Project）。请你用邮件与美方联系，谈谈自己对交流活动内容的设想，征求对方意见。
你建议交流活动应包括以下四个方面内容：
1. 自我介绍；
2. 饮食文化差异；
3. 中学教育；
4. 语言学习体会。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Hi Mark,
Hope all is well.
Yours,
Li Hua
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年四川雅安中学高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多余3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lucy felt a little 1.____________(frighten), but she felt very inquisitive and excited as well. She looked back 2.__________ her shoulder and there, between the dark tree trunks, she could still see the open doorway of the wardrobe and even catch3._________ glimpse of the empty room 4.___________ she had set out. She had left the door open, for she knew that it was very silly 5._________(shut) oneself into a wardrobe. She began to walk forward. In about ten minutes she reached it and found it was a lamppost. As she stood looking at it, 6._________(wonder) why there was a lamppost in the middle of a wood, she heard the pitter-patter of feet coming towards her. And soon after that a very strange person 7._________(step) out from among the trees into the light of the lamppost.
He was only a little taller than Lucy. From the waist upwards, he was like a man, but his legs 8.___________(shape) like a goat’s. One of his hands held the umbrella; in the other arm he carried several brown-paper parcels.With the parcels and the snow 9._________ looked just as if he10.__________(do) his Christmas shopping.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年广西武鸣高级中学高二上段考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
When Frida Kahlo’s paintings were on show in London, a poet described her paintings as “ a ribbon（丝带）around a bomb”. Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time. Sadly, she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.
Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City , Kahlo suffered from polio（小儿麻痹症） at the age of seven. Her spine（脊柱） became bent as she grew older. Then, in 1925, her back was broken in several places in a school-bus accident. Throughout the rest of her life, the artist had many operations, but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back. However, the accident had an unexpected side effect. While lying in her bed recovering, Kahlo taught herself to paint.
In 1929, she got married to Diego Rivera, another famous Mexican artist. Rivera’s strong influence on Kahlo’s style can be seen in her early works, but her later works from the 1940s, known today as her best works, show less influence from her husband.
Unfortunately, her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and1940s, even in her home country. Her first one-woman show in Mexico was not held until 1953. For more than a decade after her death in 1954, Kahlo’s works remained largely unnoticed by the world, but in the 1970s her works began to gain international fame at last.
1.What does the phrase “a much bigger name” in Paragraph 1 most nearly mean?
A. a far better artist
B. a much more famous person
C. a much stronger person
D. a far more gifted artist
2.The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by .
A. back injuries B. her bent spine
C. polio D. the operations she had
3.Kahlo’s style had become increasingly independent since the .
A.1930s B. 1970s C. 1950s D. 1940s
4.What is the author’s attitude toward Kahlo?
A. Devotion. B. Encouragement.
C. Worry. D. Sympathy.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年河北冀州中学高一上第三次月英语试卷（解析版） 题型：完形填空
完形填空,请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
From the time each of my children started school, I packed their lunches. And in each lunch, I ________ a note. Often written on a napkin (餐巾), it might be a thank-you for a moment, a reminder of something we were happily expecting, or a bit of ________ for the coming test or sporting event.
In early grade school they ________ their notes. But as children grow older they become self-conscious (有自我意识的), and ________ he reached high school, my older son, Marc, informed me he no longer ________ my daily notes. Telling him that he no longer needed to ________ them but I still needed to write them, I ________ until the day he graduated.
Six years after high school graduation, Marc called and asked if he could move ________ for a couple of months. He had spent those years well, graduating from college, ________ two internship (实习) in Washington, D.C., and ________ , becoming a technical worker in Sacramento. ________ short vacation visits, however, he had lived away from home. With his younger sister leaving for college, I was ________ happy to have Marc back. Since I was ________ making lunch for his younger brother, I ________ one for Marc, too. Imagine my ________ when I got a call from my 24-yere-old son, ________ his lunch.
“Did I do something ________ ? Don’t you love me ________ , Mom?” were just a few of the questions he threw at me as I ________ asked him what was wrong.
“My note, Mom,” he answered. “Where’s my note?”
1.A. included B. found C. held D.carried
2.A. difficult B. separate C.comfortable D. special
3.A. encouragement B. congratulation C. improvement D. explanation
4.A. answered B. loved C. wrote D. examined
5.A. lately B. by the time C. by the way D. gradually
6.A. enjoyed B. received C. understood D. collected
7.A. copy B. read C. take D. send
8.A. held up B. continued C. gave up D. followed
9.A. out B. to college C. to Sacramento D. home
10.A. completing B. organizing C. planning D. comparing
11.A. hopefully B. particularly C. certainly D. finally
12.A. Because of B. Except for C. Instead of D. As for
13.A. especially B. equally C. immediately D. generally
14.A. once B. still C. again D. even
15.A. fetched B. packed C. bought D. filled
16.A. fear B. anger C. surprise D. disappointment
17.A. waiting for B. worrying about C. asking about D. caring for
18.A. funny B. strange C. smart D. wrong
19.A. enough B. better C. once more D. any more
20.A. interestingly B. laughingly C. bitterly D. politely
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届山东滕州第一中学高三12月阶段检测英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
More than 2 million US teenagers have suffered a serious bout（发作) of depression in the past year, according to a federal government survey released on Tuesday.
On average, 8.5 percent of adolescents aged 12 to 17 described having had a major depressive episode in the previous year, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration reported.
But there were "striking differences" by sex, with 12.7 percent of girls and 4.6 percent of boys affected.
Depression is the leading cause of suicide, which in turn is the third-leading cause of death for 15- to 24-year-olds in the United States.
"The data Combined 2004 to 2006 data showed that rates of past year major depressive experience among youths aged 12 to 17 generally increased with increasing age," the researchers wrote.
Researchers at SAMHSA and RTI International in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, prepared the report using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
More than 67,700 youths aged 12 to 17 answered questions about mood and depression. They were also asked to rate how depression affected them using the Sheehan Disability Scale(残疾量表), which measures impact on family, friends, chores at home, work and school.
Researchers defined a major depressive episode as two weeks or longer of depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure, and at least four other symptoms such as problems with sleep, energy, concentration or self-image.
Nearly half of the teenagers who had major depression said it severely damaged their ability to function in at least one of the areas on the disability scale.
"Fortunately, depression responds very well to early intervention and treatment," SAMHSA Administrator Terry Cline said in a statement.
1. The underlined word “ episode ” in paragraph 2 probably means _________.
A. experiment B. experience
C. expression D. feeling
2.What can be implied, but is not stated directly?
A. depression is the third-leading cause of suicide.
B. There were over 2 million American teens suffering depression in the past two years.
C. The students surveyed were aged between 12 and 17.
D. There were more girl students suffering depression than boys.
3. The main symptoms of a serious depressive episode include ________ .
A. no family or friends or jobs or interests at all.
B. low spirits, lack of sleep, energy and self-image, and poor concentration.
C. poor health, sex discrimination, less energy and loss of interests
D. suicide, sadness, lack of confidence and depression.
4.What will the following paragraph probably talk about according to the passage ?b
A. How to recover from stress
B. How to have a happy feeling
C. How to prevent and treat depression
D. How to live a comfortable life
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年江西临川第一中学高二12月月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：完形填空
完形填空，阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Competitive swimming was a big part of my life as a teenager. So I was very excited when my sons decided to take up the sport. Daily, I’d arrive a few minutes early before their ________ ended so I could watch their progress, assess their ________ for later discussions and give them a few tips on how to swim faster ________, one afternoon at the pool, someone else caught my ________ .
The teen girl was not a typical swimmer. Her ________ , out-of-date swimsuit was two sizes too big. She struggled to reach the end of the pool. Always ________ and always being passed by the better-trained girls. The other girls would ________ their friends to climb out of the pool, giggle（咯咯笑）and run back to the starting areas. ________nobody waited for her. She always walked back to the starting areas ________. However, day after day, she’d show up ________ practice and do it all over again in her old, worn swimsuit.
The first swim meeting ________ arrived, and I smiled as I watched my sons________ straight with their team members around the swimming pool. I was a(n) 53 mother, but then, I saw the girl who had________ day after day to swim to the end of the pool. She wasn’t wearing the old, worn swimsuit She was wearing a (n) ________ , new swimsuit with a matching swimming cap and goggles（护目镜）. I ________ again and believed someone bought these new things for her so she could feel and look like a _________ regardless of how fast she could swim. She never did find out who bought the ________for her because the person remained anonymous（匿名）。
I admire the unknown person who ________ the pool girl. Do you ever wonder how you can help a teen? Take time to notice your surroundings. There is a teen in your life that________encouragement or help. Be the one who makes a difference in her life.
1.A. game B. work C. practice D. meeting
2.A. goals B. methods C. tasks D. behaviors
3.A. However B. Then C. So D. Thus
4.A. patience B. mistake C. attention D. sons
5.A. long B. dirty C. small D. worn
6.A. fast B. last C. quiet D. best
7.A. talk with B. find out C. wait for D. run after
8.A. But B. Otherwise C. And D. Though
9.A. hurriedly B. quickly C. secretly D. alone
10.A. with B. by C. for D. in
11.A. suddenly B. finally C. fortunately D. nearly
12.A. stand B. swim C. sit D. rest
13.A. great B. anxious C. lucky D. proud
14.A. relaxed B. stayed C. struggled D. tried
15.A. thin B. cool C. big D. expensive
16.A. smiled B. shouted C. suggested D. supported
17.A. student B. winner C. fighter D. child
18.A. objects B. tools C. toys D. gifts
19.A. trained B. helped C. cared D. beat
20.A. needs B. uses C. offers D. seeks
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届黑龙江牡丹江第一高级中学高三上期中英语试卷（解析版） 题型：语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Well, today is the day. Microsoft is officially pulling the life support plug on Windows XP. And while the majority of PC user have 1. (obvious) moved on to newer operating systems(OS）, some people stuck 2. Windows XP over the last 12 years. As is reported by The Washington Post, 3. enormous number of government machines are still running the old OS, 4. could probably create a security problem.
Clearly, over 13 percent of PCs in the United States are still running Windows Xp, 5. Microsoft announced the end for support over two years ago. As many as 10 percent of US government computers, thousands of PCs holding sensitive information 6.(include), will now be without 7. (far) security updates.
Yesterday, the Guardian reported the UK government has paid Microsoft 5.5 million pounds for a one-year 8. (extend) of support. And if you think the problem is only at the desktop and notebook level, you can be quite wrong; don’t forget as many as 60 percent of ATM machines in the US 9. (be) still running XP.
So, what’s the solution? These business, government agencies and consumers will have to upgrade. And whether they choose Windows 7 10. Windows 8, either is probably better than a security breach(漏洞）.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届河北衡水冀州中学高三上学期一轮复习2英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.
The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation — for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.
The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, habitual loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.
Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.
Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between habitual loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, habitual loneliness can be a sad and sometimes dangerous condition.
1.How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?
A. Talk to friends.
B. Just ignore it.
C. Go to see a doctor.
D. Ask your teachers for guidance.
2."It" in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to _____.
A. a physical problem B. sleeplessness
C. temporary loneliness D. situational loneliness
3.The topic of the 4th paragraph is that____.
A. lonely people don't have many social problems
B. we depend on various persons for different reasons
C. one problem of loneliness is a person's social contacts
D. lonely people don't have many friends
4.What is the best title for the passage?
A. How to Get Rid of Loneliness
B. Loneliness and Diseases
C. Loneliness and Social Contacts
D. Three Types of Loneliness
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