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    4．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
    增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．
    删除：把多余的词用斜线 （﹨）划掉．
    修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
    注意：1．每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
    2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
    We middle school students have had many tests or exam．We have achieved success and suffer failure．Different students take different attitudes to failure．
    Some is in low spirits when they don't do well in the exams．They usually lose their heart and no longer study so harder as before．But most students take an active attitude towards failure．
    They encourage themselves be confidently．They try to find out but analyse the causes so that they will no longer make same mistakes．
    I agree with those which have active attitudes．As we are all know，failure is the mother of success．

    分析 我们中学生经常会有很多测验和考试，会有成功也会有失败．同学们对待失败的态度是不同的，有些学生考试失利就会精神低落，失去信心，但大多数同学
    都能以积极的态度面对失败，他们鼓励自己要自信，他们会找出失败的原因并分析这些原因以便于不会再犯同样的错误．我比较赞同第二种做法，因为我们都知道
    "失败乃成功之母"．

    解答 We middle school students have had many tests or exam．We have achieved success and suffer failure．Different students take different attitudes to failure．
                                                                              exams                                             suffered
    Some is in low spirits when they don't do well in the exams．They usually lose their heart and no longer study so harder as before．But most students take an
           are                                                                                                   去掉their                                           hard
    active attitude towards failure．They encourage themselves be confidently．They try to find out but analyse the causes so that they will no longer make∧same
                                                                                                confident                                    and                                                                          the         
    mistakes．I agree with those which have active attitudes．As we are all know，failure is the mother of success．
                                              who                                          去掉are
    1．exam改为exams；考查名词复数，exam作为"考试"讲是可数名词，前面有many修饰，所以要用复数形式．
    2．suffer改为suffered；考查动词的时态，这里and连接并列结构，and前后的动词时态保持一致，所以suffer改为suffered和前面的 achieved
          并列与have构成现在完成时结构．
    3．is改为are；考查系动词，结合上文意思，这里的some指的是some students，所以系动词应该用复数形式are．
    4．去掉their；考查固定短语，根据语境，这里应该理解为"失去信心"，用固定短语lose heart，lose one's heart意为"倾心于，爱上某人"，
           所以要去掉their．
    5．harder改为hard；考查同级比较，so/as…as结构是形容词或副词的同级比较，so/as后面跟形容词或副词的原形，所以这里harder改为hard．
    6．confidently改为confident；考查形容词，这里用形容词confident作系动词be的表语．
    7．but改为and；考查连词，根据句意"他们尽量找出原因并分析原因以便于…"可知句子表达的是并列关系，而非转折，故but改为and．
    8．same前面加the；考查固定用法，"相同的"要用the same，其中的the不可以省略．
    9．which改为who；考查关系代词，这是一个定语从句，关系代词修饰人，在从句中作句子的主语，所以用who．
    10．去掉are；考查固定短语，as we all know是固定短语，意为"众所周知"，这句话意思为"众所周知，失败是成功之母"．

    点评 在短文改错当中，首先要从整体掌握短文大意，结合上下文语境并充分运用平时掌握的基础知识，习惯用法，短语搭配等对短文进行分析，以便
    找出文中的错误所在并加以改正．

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