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    18．Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits-including making your brain sharper．
    Yes，it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive functions such as memory and attention．There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning，possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance．Losing weight，therefore，may help improve these mental functions，according to a new research led by John Gunstad，assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University．
    Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits（缺陷）．So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function．For their study，they measured memory and attention in a group of l 50overweight participants，some of whom had some kind of operation for weight loss and some did not．All of the volunteers completed mental skills tests to assess their abilities of memory and attention at the beginning of the study，and again 12weeks later．To begin with．about 24%of the patients showed damaged learning and 23%showed signs of poor memory when tested．At the end of the study，those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average range for cognitive functions．Scores for the volunteers who didn't lose weight dropped even further．
    The study helped Gunstad to find out whether losing weight had any effect on mental function．Now that he's seen the positive effect that weight loss can have on memory and attention，he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way-eating healthier and getting more active．He expects that losing weight in this way will have a similarly positive effect on the brain．"If we can improve the condition with operations，then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well，''he says．

    63．There is less research on overweight and cognitive functions because researchersC
    A．believe overweight only affects our body
    B．have focused on ways to sharpen people's mind
    C．do not consider overweight a main cause for low cognitive ability
    D．are clear about the relation between weight and mental functions
    64．The result of Gunstad's study shows thatB
    A．losing weight has little effect on people's memory
    B．losing weight can improve people's mental functions
    C．overweight people are likely to have psychology problems
    D．overweight people's abilities of concentration differ greatly
    65．What is Gunstad planning to prove next in his research？D
    A．Slim people are smarter than overweight people．
    B．Healthy diet is better than exercise in losing weight．
    C．Traditional ways of losing weight are better than operation
    D．Overweight people will get smarter by taking more exercise．
    66．Which of the following is the best title for the text？D
    A．Body Weight and Health              B．Losing Weight by Operation
    C．Ways to Improve Mental Functions    D．Losing Weight to Sharpen Your Mind．

    分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了一项新的研究表明减肥会给人们带来很多好处，其中之一就是会让人们更聪明．Gunstad和他的团队对150名肥胖人员进行了调查，其中通过手术减肥的人们智力明显比减肥前要高，由此他希望能够在通过锻炼减肥的人们身上也看到这种效果．

    解答 63．C  细节理解题．根据第二段There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning，possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance．可知人们在此之前很少研究肥胖和认知功能之间是否存在关系的原因是因为人们没有认为肥胖是导致认知功能下降的基本原因，故选C．
    64．B  细节理解题．根据第一段Losing weight，therefore，may help improve these mental functions，可知减肥可以改善大脑功能，故选B．
    65．D  推理判断题．根据最后一段Now that he's seen the positive effect …he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way-eating healthier and getting more active．可以判断他在接下来要研究那些通过锻炼和健康饮食减肥的人们，看是否健康减肥也存在这种对大脑的积极影响，故选D．
    66．D  主旨大意题．文章首段提出中心Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits-including making your brain sharper．并在下文中对这项研究进行了详细的介绍，由此可知D选项内容可以概括文章中心，故选D．

    点评 考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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    19．Leaders of the World Health Organization say they are concerned about the air quality and health efiects on citizens during a recent outbreak of heavy pollution in Beijing．Still，they said they were unsure of the exact amount the air pollution takes on any person's body，casting doubts on local reports tying the area's dirty air to particular cases of illness．
       Speaking at a briefing（情况介绍会）on Tuesday，the WHO's Western Pacific regional director，Shin Young-Soo，cited（列举）reports about poor air quality causing lung cancer in recent weeks．
    "The WHO is skeptical of the information，"she said．"We're cautious of whether the illness is related to air po11ution．We know it has an impact on health，but we don't know how much．"
        The officials didn't cite particular reports．The comments follow a number of articles since late last year connecting some cases of diseases like lung cancer with pollution，．including one in November regarding an 8-year-old girl．
       The health impact of Beijing's gray skies has been on the minds of many over the past week．Local authorities on Tuesday preserved an orange alert（警报）一the city's second highest pollution-warning level-and again warned people to stay indoors．Experts widely agree that small particulates（颗粒） known as PM2.5 carry significant short-and long-term health risks，particularly with children．Other studies find a certain link between pollution and shorter life spans．
    Chinese state media have noted a rise in cancer levels in Beijing，without specifying（具体说明）whether the new cases are the main result of pollution，smoking，other sources or some combination．
    Bernhard Schwartlander，the organization's China chief，said he is concerned and has been in contact with national authorities．"There is no easy solution，"Dr．Schwartlainder said，adding that solving the problem requires managing industry and the economy．WHO leaders advised citizens．to stay indoors and limit exposure to the harmful particulates．When asked if wearing a face mask has any proven efficacy in preventing health effects of air pollution，Dr．Schwartlainder said，"Whatever you do，it's better than nothing．"

    68．We can learn from the passage thatA．
    A．in case of an orange alert，we had better not go outside
    B．the case of the girl with lung cancer was little'linked to air pollution
    C．cancer levels in Beijing are rising due to heavy air pollution
    D．it is widely agreed that pollution shortens life spans very slightly
    69．According to Dr．Schwartlander，the ways to solve the problem includeC．
    A．contacting the national authorities     
    B．being exposed less to harmful particulates
    C．managing the enterprise and economy  
    D．preventing health effects of pollution
    70．What would be the best title of this passage？D
    A．The dangers of heavy pollution
    B．The impacts of pollution on health
    C．The importance of protecting the environment
    D．The uncertainty of relationship between pollution and health．

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