We’re surrounded by chemistry in everyday life. Sometimes it is easy to see, like when your science teacher does a big experiment in class. At other times, it can be pretty hard to see everyday chemistry at work, but nearly everything you touch or use has some element of chemistry in it.
Something as simple as toothpaste contains at least three chemicals, if not more. It is the mixture of them and its chemical reaction that keeps your teeth clean. Other things you use every day are created by chemistry, such as hair products, shampoo and soap. Adding detergent (洗涤剂) to water involves chemistry. Without chemistry, we would never have known that we need soap to get the oil out of clothes or skin. Chemistry not only helps us make products for use, but it also helps us understand the world around us. Chemistry helps us understand what the ozone layer (臭氧层) is and how it protects us. Chemistry also gives us sunscreen to protect us from the sun. Thanks to chemistry, we know bleach (漂白剂) can’t be mixed with vinegar(醋), because it can produce poisonous gas.Without chemistry, we wouldn’t have fireworks displays on important days.
Chemistry plays a big role in food preparation. Cooking food causes it to go through a chemical change. That is why cooked food often tastes different from raw food. Baking is a great example of chemistry. Too much or too little of any ingredient（成分，尤指烹饪） makes a difference to the result of baking, for example, the dough (面团) won’t rise or the cake will be flat.
Chemistry isn’t something that just lives in a lab; it’s something that you meet hundreds of times every day. Knowing how chemistry works will give you a greater understanding of the science behind some of the simplest-looking things.
【小题1】What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1?
| A．Chemistry is easy to see around us. |
| B．Sometimes chemistry is hard to see around us. |
| C．How a science teacher does a big experiment. |
| D．Few things in everyday life contain chemistry. |
| A．cleaning teeth with toothpaste |
| B．washing hair with hair products |
| C．using soap to get the oil out of clothes |
| D．washing your face with water |
| A．harmful | B．healthy | C．fresh | D．pleasant |
| A．One can’t find chemistry when cooking food. |
| B．Chemistry plays an important part in food mak-ing. |
| C．That dough rises is nothing to do with chemistry. |
| D．A flat cake is the result of too many ingredients. |
| A．Chemistry Around the House |
| B．Chemistry in Science |
| C．Chemistry for Dinner |
| D．Chemistry in everyday life |
【小题1】B
【小题2】D
【小题3】A
【小题4】B
【小题5】D
解析试题分析：本文叙述了在人们的日常生活中化学无时不在无处不在，文中举了一些例子，了解化学能够帮助我们理解我们的生活中的一些自然现象。我们的生活离不开化学。
【小题1】这是概括大意题。根据At other times, it can be pretty hard to see everyday chemistry at work,这是本段的中心句，故选B。
【小题2】这是细节理解题。根据Something as simple as toothpaste contains at least three chemicals 和Other things you use every day are created by chemistry, such as hair products, shampoo and soap.水里没有化学物质，故选D。
【小题3】这是词义猜测题。根据Thanks to chemistry, we know bleach (漂白剂) can’t be mixed with vinegar(醋), because it can produce poisonous gas 两者不能想混说明混合在一起会发生反应而产生对身体不利的东西，故选A。
【小题4】这是细节理解题。根据Chemistry plays a big role in food preparation 故选B。
【小题5】这是标题归纳题。根据We’re surrounded by chemistry in everyday life.从短文的首句及整篇短文来看，本文叙述的是日常生活中的化学，故选D。
考点：这是一篇日常生活类阅读。
点评：概括大意这种题型的实质是让考生给每段文字“命”一个小标题。而要“命”出这个标题来就必须确定每段文字的主题思想。如何确定文章和主题思想？考虑一下人们的写作和逻辑思维过程，这个问题就容易回答了。
初中暑期衔接系列答案科目：高中英语 来源：2011年湖南省浏阳一中高一上学期第一次阶段性测试（英语） 题型：阅读理解
Crazy is our new normal. With two teenage boys and three little boys, our family is restless—to the baseball field, track field(田径场)and piano lessons. Even though we’ve limited each boy’s activities and try our best to defend our family time, it seems that we’re in a constant state of flight.
“Embrace it. Roll with it,” my husband, Lonny, says, “It’s going to be like this for a while.”
He is right. It’s likely that life will continue to go forward before it slows down. But I remembered the still, quiet days that our family used to enjoy. I missed long walks through the park when we held the boys’ little hands. I longed for(渴望) lazy Saturday afternoons under the tree in our backyard. I wanted to slip back a few years, when busyness was the exception and not the rule.
One night, after a particularly full day and evening games, our family gathered on the porch(门廊)for ice cream. Two parents, two teens, and three small boys piled on one old swing and a couple of rocking chairs. We were together, in one place, for a small slice of time.
The moon was full. The Mississippi River, flowing past our home, was smooth as glass. I wrapped my own arms around the son who sat on my lap and breathed deeply to inhale his little-boy scent(气味)—dirt and sweat. My heart was still and content(满足的).
I realized that while crazy is our new normal happiness is as usual. They may look different from before, but they are still there—even if they’re in the form of a single moment on the porch. Maybe I just need the eyes to see.
【小题1】What does the author mainly talk about?
| A．Her anger at her busy life. |
| B．Her family’s struggle for a better life. |
| C．Her new feelings about the present life. |
| D．The pleasure of staying with her children. |
| A．Confused. | B．Satisfied. | C．Bored. | D．Terrified. |
| A．describe | B．breathe out | C．remove | D．breathe in |
| A．Busy and boring. | B．Busy but happy. |
| C．Crazy and unbearable. | D．Normal but exciting. |
| A．Life is nothing but bitterness, busyness and horror. |
| B．Happiness is everywhere, but we have to discover it. |
| C．Parents should earn much money for their kids’ better life. |
| D．Life in the countryside is charming, wonderful, and sweet. |
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科目：高中英语 来源：广东省汕头市金山中学09-10学年度高二下学期期中考试（英语） 题型：阅读理解
| Welcome to my Message Board! | |
| Subject: Slimming down classics? | |
| Mr. Handsome 2007-5-12 6: 34 AM | Orion Books, which decides there is a market in creating cut-down classics (经典著作), is slimming down some novels by such great writers as L. Tolstoy, M. Mitchell and C. Bronte. Now, each of them has been whittled down to about 400 pages by cutting 30 to 40 pages percent of original, with words, sentences, paragraphs and, in a few cases, chapters removed. The first six shortened editions, all priced at ￡6.99 and advertised as great reads “in half the time”, will go on sale next month, with plans for 50 to 100 more to follow. The publishing house believes that modern readers will welcome the shorter versions. |
| Mr. Edwards 2007-5-12 9: 40 AM | Well, I’m publisher of Orion Group. Thanks for your attention, Mr. Handsome. I must say, the idea developed from a game of “shame” in my office. Each of us was required to confess (承认) to the most embarrassing blanks in his or her reading. I admitted that I had never read Anna Karenina and tried but failed to get through Gone with the Wind several times. One of my colleagues acknowledged skipping (跳读) Jane Eyre. We realized that life is too short to read all the books you want to and we never were going to read these ones. As a leading publishing house, we are trying to make classics convenient for readers but it’s not as if we’re withdrawing the original versions. They are still there if you want to read them. |
| Ms. Weir 2007-5-12 11:35 AM | I’m director of the online book club www.lovereading.co.uk. Mr. Edwards, I think your shortened edition is a breath of fresh air. I’ m guilty of never having read Anna Karenina, because it’s just so long. I’d much rather read two 300-page books than one 600-page book. I am looking forward to more shortened classics! |
| Mr. Crockatt 2007-5-12 4:38 PM | I’m from the London independent bookshop Corckatt & Powell. In my opinion, the practice is completely ridiculous. How can you edit the classics? I’m afraid reading some of these books is hard work, and that is why you have to develop as a reader. If people don’t have time to read Anna Karenina, then fine. But don’t read a shortened version and kid yourself it’s the real thing. |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2011届河北省唐山市高三摸底考试英语卷 题型：阅读理解
A new hotel is set to open in a faraway village in northern Sweden，which intends to change the simple treehouse into a world—class hotel for travelers who enjoy special designs．
Treehotel，which lies in Harads about 60 km south of the Arctic Circle，will be made up of four rooms when it opens on July 17th：the Cabin，the Blue Cone，the Nest and the Mirrorcube．
Two more are due to open in O
ctober—the UFO and A Room With a View．
“Our goal in five years is to have 24 rooms from 24 different architects(建筑师)，”says Treehotel co-founder Kent Lindvall，who came up with the idea along with his wife Bfitta．
The first six rooms were designed by five different architects. The Mirrorcube which
stands four meters high and four meters wide has drawn widespread attention as it will be connected to a singletree．
‘‘It’s an interesting building．You cannot find anything like this in the world today．It’s really special，”says Lindvall，as he stands next to the room’s mirrored outer wall．
‘‘Everything will reflect(映照)in this—the trees，the birds，the clouds，the sun，everything．So it should be invisible nearly in the forest．’’
Lindvall says a special film will be put onto the glass which will be seen by birds。
‘‘This is untouched forest and—we want to leave it as it is．"says Selberg，another co-founder．
She adds．’’If we’re lucky we might see a bear．I think what’s exciting here is that we’re just 60 km below the Arctic Circle which means there’s a good possibility to have the northern lights in the winter and during the during the summer of course you have the midnight sun.”
The aim of Treehotel i
s “feel free in a tree” and the experience will cost up to 4,200 Swedish crowns ($555,50)for two guests in the Mirrorcube, which is designed to hold up to four guests.
【小题1】What do we know about Treehotel in Harads from the text?
| A．The hotel will provide six rooms in July. |
| B．It’s 60 km away from t11e Arctic Circle. |
| C．It is specially designed by one architect． |
| D．It was once all ordinary family treehouse． |
| A．It will be joined to one tree only. |
| B．It is in a distant village in Sweden． |
| C．It’s designed by a famous architect. |
| D．Its outer wall is covered with mirror. |
| A．take in light | B．protect birds | C．seize animals | D．keep off bears |
| A．A modem building． | B．A Swedish village． |
| C．A faraway village． | D．A special treehouse． |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2012-2013学年浙江省台州市书生中学高二下学期期中考试英语试卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
Amy returned to her small apartment at midnight, tired. Her worst fears raced through her mind. Would the court tell her she couldn’t care for her family anymore? Would the kids go through the sadness once more of being split up and sent away? She was so young, almost a child herself, and yet Amy knew everything depended on her. At that moment, she wondered if she would ever find the strength to see it through.
From earliest childhood, Amy took care of her younger brothers. Jan, their mother, only added to the family disorder and confusion because of her drug addict. Sometimes they lived in apartments, sometimes in shelters.
One afternoon Amy was called to the high school, where a social worker was waiting for her. “We’re going to have to put you guys in foster（收养) care.” the social worker said. “No! Don’t spilt us up!” the girl cried out. “Can’t you just leave it the way it is?” The social worker shook his head. Amy’s voice then rose like the howl of a lion protecting her babies: “Why can’t I take them? I take care of them all the time anyway.” The social worker hesitated, and then said, “Maybe. Once you’re 18, you could apply to become their relative caretaker. Then you’d be their foster mother until we find a home where all of you can be together.” “I’ll do it,” Amy said.
One month later, Amy was named guardian of her brothers for a six-month trial period. It was a remarkable victory for an 18-year-old girl. Her brothers didn’t make her task any easier in the months ahead. However，Amy’s efforts were rewarded when the court allowed her to continue as guardian. Amy’s relief at remaining the kids’ guardian was at risk of being taken away by the pressure she always
felt to measure up. Social workers still looked regularly over her shoulder and asked the boys shameful
questions: “Does she feed you? Does she ever try to harm you?” Then one day a visiting social worker
came over. “We’d like to get the boys adopted into homes,” she said. Sensing that the family was about to be split apart yet again, Amy replied, “Fine, then. Call it adoption if you want, but they’re not going anywhere.” To her surprise, the social worker took her remark seriously. She explained that if Amy were to adopt the boys, they would become like any other family.
That night at dinner Amy told the boys about the idea. “Cool!” Joey said. He threw a piece of corn at Adam. His brother flicked it back, and pretty soon corn was flying. Amy rolled her eyes. They didn’t have far to go to be like any other family. As the proceedings（程序）ended, Amy thanked everyone. “No,” the judge responded, “Thank you. You saved three kids. Not many family members would do what you’re doing, especially for this many children. I’m very proud of you.”
On a lazy spring day, in a modest suburban neighborhood, Amy stood in front of a neatly kept one-story house. She watched her brothers playing basketball, and heard the playful bark of their dog, Tahoe. The young lady had made good on her promise: they had rented a home, a real home, and the boys had gotten their dog. Amy continues to raise her family alone, but has begun taking courses in business management at a nearby community college. Eventually, she hopes to become a child psychologist.
【小题1】 Which of the following best describes Amy?
| A．Crazy and tough | B．Firm and stubborn |
| C．Enthusiastic and generous | D．Abnormal and aggressive. |
| A．The social worker gave in to Amy. |
| B．The social worker tried to adopt Amy’s brothers. |
| C．Amy tried to apply for the guardian of the brothers |
| D．Amy had no idea how to face her family being separated up. |
| A．they will live in the same area as other families |
| B．they made a deep impression on the neighborhood |
| C．Amy is able to take good care of the family |
| D．Amy and her brothers would be already just like a family |
| A．Standing On Two Feet | B．Growing Up Alone |
| C．A Lifelong Fight | D．A Teen Hero |
| A．保护者 | B．监护人 | C．收养人 | D．引导人 |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013-2014学年山东省临沂市高三3月教学质量检测英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
People in several American states may be surprised to see cars on city streets without a driver. Experimental driverless vehicles now are legal in Florida, Nevada and California. They are pointing the way to a future that is not far down the road. The high-tech company Google has a number of self-driving cars, which had covered 480,000 kilometers by August. Volvo is among the companies doing road tests and says it plans to sell driverless cars by 2020.
In September, California Governor Jerry Brown signed an act to allow autonomous vehicles on the roads of his state. " Today we're looking at science fiction becoming tomorrow's reality-the driverless car. " The technology for these cars includes cameras, radar and motion sensors. The systems have been improved through competitions sponsored by the U. S. government agency DARPA. Engineer Richard Mason of the Rand Corporation helped design driverless vehicles for DARPA challenge races.
Cars have become much more fuel-efficient, and new electronic features are' making Hondas safer, said Angie Nucci of Honda America. " A camera on the passenger-side mirror actually engaged on your guiding screen so you can safely change lanes. " Other safety features include warning systems on the front and the sides of the cars. These systems help drivers , but don't replace them. Curator Leslie Kendall of the Petersen Automotive Museum said autonomous cars will make the high ways safer．
"By taking out drivers, you also remove most risks of an accident," Kendall said. He said consumers, however, may be unwilling to lose control. "It may take them time to come to realize that the technology is indeed reliable, but it will have to prove itself first. "
Mason said the technology already works and the biggest challenge now is getting down the cost for driverless vehicles from hundreds of thousands of dollars to something more affordable. He said this will happen as the technology is improved.
1.What can we learn from Paragraph l?
A. Driverless vehicles are now legal in the whole USA.
B. Volvo will be the first to sell driverless cars.
C. Driverless cars are pointing us' a faraway future.
D. Google's self-driving cars have covered a long distance.
2.We learn that Governor of California Jerry Brown_________.
A. helped design self-driving cars.
B. supports self-driving cars on roads.
C. considers self-driving cars science fiction.
D. improved the self-driving car systems.
3.What is the role of the systems mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. They can help people drive more safely.
B. They can take the place of drivers now.
C. They can make cars run without fuel.
D. They can help cars run much faster.
4.According to Richard Mason, what is the biggest challenge for driverless cars?
A. They are not allowed to run on the road.
B. Their technical problems remain to be solved.
C. They are now too expensive for consumers.
D. They are more dangerous for people on the street.
5.What's the best title of the passage?
A. The benefits of the self-driving cars.
B. The biggest challenge of the self-driving cars.
C. Safer or more dangerous-self-driving cars.
D. Self-driving cars-science fiction future is near.
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