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    PART FOUR WRITING

    Section A

    Directions: Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information for the passage.  Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

    Losing weight is difficult, and keeping it off may be even harder. So Harvard researchers set out to determine exactly how much physical activity women need in midlife to avoid gaining weight as they age.

    The researchers found that an hour of moderate activity a day — including such recreational activities as brisk walking, leisurely bicycling, ballroom dancing and playing with children — prevented women of normal weight from gaining more than five pounds over any three-year period. Half that amount of vigorous activity, like running, jogging or fast biking, will do the trick as well, they said.

    Women who got the same amount of exercise but were heavier to start with were not able to avoid gaining weight, however. Neither were women of normal weight who got less than seven hours a week of moderate activity, according to the study, published in the March 24 issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association.

    The average weight gain over the course of the 15-year study, which followed 34,079 healthy women with an average age of 54 at the beginning, was just over five pounds. The researchers did not take diet into account.

    “It’s so hard to lose weight and maintain the loss, so whatever weight you are, you should try to stay that weight — that is a success,” said the paper’s lead author, Dr. I-Min Lee, an associate professor of epidemiology at Harvard School of Public Health.

    But any amount of exercise is beneficial, she emphasized. “People shouldn’t just throw up their hands and say, ‘Sixty minutes? I can’t do that,’ and give up. Health is more than weight.”

    Title: A research on how to     71   

        72   

    To determine how much physical activity women need in midlife to avoid gaining weight as they age

        73     

    Research objects

        74    

    Types of exercise

    Weight gain

    Women

       75  

    An hour of moderate activity a day

    ● Brisk walking

    ● Leisurely bicycling

    ●     76   

    ● Playing with children

        77   five pounds over a three-year period

    Half an hour of

    vigorous activity a day

    ● Running

    ● Jogging

    ●     78   

    Less than

        79   a week of moderate activity

    Not being avoided

    Heavier women

    The same as the above

    Suggestions

    ● Staying your weight

    ●     80

    71.Avoid gaining weight / avoid weight gain   72。Purpose / aim / goal   73。Discovery / results   74。Amount of exercise  75。Of normal weight  76。Ballroom dancing  77。Not more than   78。Fast biking  79。Seven hours  80。Doing exercise  

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    科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解

    Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.

    “To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density(密度)”，said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope(放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”

    Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro / nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS). Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.

    “People hear the word ‘nuclear’ and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”

    His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor(半导体). Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.

    “The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶体结构) of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”

    Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.

    Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?

    A. He teaches chemistry at MU.

    B. He developed a chemical battery.

    C. He is working on a nuclear energy source.

    D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.

    Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_________.

    A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied.

    B. to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used.

    C. to describe a nuclear-powered system.

    D. to introduce various energy sources.

    Liquid semiconductor is used to _________.

    A. get rid of the radioactive waste

    B. test the power of nuclear batteries.

    C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries

    D. reduce the damage to lattice structure.

    According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery _______.

    A. uses a solid semiconductor

    B. will soon replace the present ones.

    C. could be extremely thin

    D. has passed the final test.

    The text is most probably a ________.

    A. science news report  B. book review

    C. newspaper ad    D. science fiction story

    PART FOUR   WRITING (45%)

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    科目：高中英语 来源：湖南省长沙市2010届高三下学期第一次模拟考试（英语） 题型：其他题

    PART FOUR WRITING

    SECTION A

    Directions: Read the following passage. Complete the diagram / Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information for the passage.

    Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer

    Dieters are often advised to stop drinking alcohol to avoid the extra calories hidden in a glass of wine or a favorite cocktail. But new research suggests that women who regularly consume fair amounts of alcohol are less likely to gain weight than nondrinkers and are at lower risk for fat.

    The findings are based on a study of 19,220 United States women aged 39 or older who, at the start of the study, fell into the “normal weight” category based on their body mass index (身体质量指数). Researchers tracked the women’s drinking habits over 13 years. About 60 percent of the women were light or regular drinkers, while about 40 percent reported drinking no alcohol.

    Over the course of the study, 41 percent of the women became overweight or fat. Although alcohol is packed with calories (about 150 in a six-ounce glass of wine), the nondrinkers in the study actually gained more weight over time: nine pounds, on average, compared with an average gain of about three pounds among regular mild drinkers. The risk of becoming overweight was almost 30 percent lower for women who consumed one or two alcohol drinks a day, compared with nondrinkers.

    The findings are certain to be confusing for women who continue to receive conflicting messages about the health benefits and risks of alcohol. Although mild drinking is associated with better heart health, regular drinking also increases breast cancer risk.

    The trend toward less weight gain among drinkers doesn’t appear to hold true for men. A 2003 study of British men showed that regular drinkers gained more weight than nondrinkers. There may be differences in how men and women metabolize(代谢) alcohol. Metabolic studies show that after men drink alcohol, they experience little if any metabolic change. But alcohol appears to slightly speed up a woman’s metabolism.

    The findings don’t mean women should rush to drink alcohol to lose weight. Other research shows that once a person is already overweight, her alcohol metabolism is more efficient, and so an overweight woman may gain more weight from alcohol than a lean woman. The data do, however, suggest that for many women facing weight problems, the extra calories are probably not coming from alcoholic drinks.

    Title: Women Who Drink Gain     71    

    Ⅰ. Widely known advice

    Stop drinking alcohol to avoid the extra calories.

    Ⅱ. 72    subjects: 19,220 United States women aged 39 or older of    73  

    ●about 60 percent－light or regular drinkers;

    ●about 40 percent－  74  

    Ⅲ. Findings

    ● 41 percent becoming overweight or fat;

    ●nondrinkers gaining more weight over time, 9 pounds on average;

    ●   75   gaining about three pounds on average;

    ●compared with nondrinkers, women who consumed one or two alcohol drinks a day almost 30 percent    76   to become fat;

    ●women being    77   men in metabolism

    Ⅳ. 78   fact

    Mild drinking may    79   to better heart health, but it also increases breast cancer risk.

    Ⅴ. Suggestion and conclusion

    ●Women should not rush to drink alcohol to lose weight.

    ●For women with weight problems, alcoholic drinks are probably not the 80 of extra calories.

     

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    科目：高中英语 来源：湖南省2010届高三6月份适应性模拟考试英语试卷 题型：任务型阅读

     

    PART FOUR WRITING

    SECTION A

    Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.

         Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

    The girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto, California, all have the same access to computers as boys. But researchers say, by the time they get to high school, they are victims of what the researchers call a major new gender (性别) gap in technology. Janice Weinman of the American Association of University Women (AAUW) says, "Girls tend to be less comfortable than boys with the computer. They use it more for word processing rather than for problem solving, rather than to discover new ways in which to understand information.

      After re-examining a thousand studies, the AAUW researchers found that girls make up only a small percentage of students in computer science classes. Girls rate themselves significantly lower than boys in their ability and confidence in using computers. And they use computers less often than boys outside the classroom.

      An instructor of a computer lab says he's already noticed some difference. Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, "Boys are not so afraid they might do something that will harm the computer, whereas girls are afraid they might break it somehow."

        Six years ago, the software company Purple Moon noticed that girls' computer usage was falling behind boys. Karen Gould with the company says, "The number one reason girls told us they don't like computer games is not that they're too violent, or too competitive. Girls just said they're unbelievably boring." What girls want, Purple Moon found, is characters they can relate to and story lines relative to what's going on in their own lives. "What we definitely found from girls is that there is no intrinsic (内在的) reason why they wouldn't want to play on a computer; it was just a content thing," says Karen Gould.

       The sponsor of the study says it all boils down to this: the technology gender gap that separates the girls from the boys must be closed if women are to compete effectively with men in the 21st century.

     

    What has caused the new gender gap in technology?

    I. The present situation:

    Before high school: ◆Girls use computers   71   boys.

    In high school: ◆Girls make up   72   in computer science classes.

                 ◆Girls feel less comfortable with the computer.

                 ◆Boys use computers   73   often than girls after class.

                 ◆Boys feel more   74   when using computers.

    II. The   75   of the situation:

    What they do with a computer:

    ◆Girls prefer to use computers for _ 76  .

    ◆Boys prefer to use computers for   77   and understanding information.

    How they feel about a computer:

    ◆Girls are afraid of breaking it.

    ◆Boys are   78   such worry.

    Their   79   to computer games:

    ◆Girls think they are boring because the characters are irrelevant to their lives.

    ◆Boys don’t have such feelings.

    III. The appeal from   80  :

    ◆The technology gender gap must be closed.

     

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    科目：高中英语 来源：湖南省六校2010届高三下学期第一次仿真模拟联考（英语） 题型：其他题

    PART FOUR WRITING（45分）

    SECTION A（10分）

    Directions: Read the following passage．Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information for the passage．

    Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer．

    The Chilean earthquake, measuring 8.8 – magnitude, which struck early Saturday morning, released 500 times the energy of the 7.0 – magnitude quake that hit Haiti (海地) last month, a geophysicist told CBS’ “The Early Show. ” Tsunami warnings were issued for much of the Pacific, including Hawaii, following the quake that struck near the Chilean coast.

    "When the earthquake occurred, it moved the land and then it moved the water causing the tsunami," said U.S. Geological Survey geophysicist Jessica Sigala. "And the coastal areas of Chile have already noticed the wave heights up to about 7 feet."

    Sigala said Hawaiians can expect to see the waves from this tsunami around 11:20 a.m. local time (about 4:20 p.m. ET). "So we have to wait and see how big the waves will be."

    "It's not so much the height [of the wave] but it's the width, it's how long the duration, and then it's also the speed at which it's traveling," said co-anchor Kelly Cobiella "Correct me if I'm wrong, but these waves are traveling at the speed of a jetliner, about 500 miles per hour?"

    "That's correct. It's a big block of water coming onto the land," Sigala said.

    Chile has already experienced several aftershocks following the quake.

    "Aftershocks are definitely a concern," said Sigala. "We always see aftershocks with a large quake and a shallow quake, which this one was. And as of right now, we've located about maybe 15 aftershocks and those are of the larger kind. I'm sure they felt much more than that.

    "A shallow earthquake just means that it happened pretty close to the surface," said Sigala. "And because of that the energy is really close to the surface, where all the buildings and people are."

    50 deaths caused by aftershocks have been reported, according to the national emergency agency, adding the estimate casualties to 960.

    Title: Concerns after 71.             

    I. Tsunami:

    ●72.                 : much of the Pacific, including Hawaii

    ●Cause: the earthquake moved 73.            

    ●Wave Heights: about 74.            

    ●75.          : about 500 mph

    II. 76.            :

    ●Reason: the Chilean Earthquake was a 77.          and a 78.          earthquake, which always have them after the major one

    ●Number: at least 79.           

    ●Loss caused: 80.          

     

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    科目：高中英语 来源：2010届湖南省长沙市四县市高三下学期3月调研考试英语试卷 题型：任务型阅读

     

    PART FOUR  WRITING

    SECTION A

    Directions: Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information from the passage.

    Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

    Society is a web of relationships, requiring all parties(群体) to work together to create something good. What makes society work best are effective(有效的) relationships that are based on mutual(相互的) understanding. If you understand what people want and why they want it, you can usually find a way to make progress together.

    High-quality relationships make people happy. Some people living in the poorest communities have almost nothing but turn out to be the happiest because they share a life together. If effective relationships are working, happiness is always possible.

    Here are some simple tips for building effective relationships.

    Listen to and try to understand others’ positions and feelings. Listening in itself can lead to understanding, and if you understand someone else fully, then you know how to work better with him or her.

    Openly express your needs and feelings. Sometimes we expect people—particularly those close to us at home or work—to understand what we want and to give us what we need intuitively(凭直觉地). However, people are so complicated and so different that even when they have lived together for 60 years, they can still surprise each other. So we need to say what we need and to express how we feel.

    In order to make our relationships more effective, we should treat ourselves and other people with respect. Respect is one of the most important elements of any good relationship.

    Finally, learn to face differences correctly. Learning this takes time and can be uncomfortable. However, if we can try to remove differences in an effective way, we are more likely to build exciting and satisfying relationships with others.

    By doing these things you may discover that the happiness you long for is much closer than you thought.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

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