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    Why texting harms your IQ
    The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana (大麻). That is the statement of researchers who have found that tapping away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to 10 points off the user’s IQ. This rate of decline in intelligence compares unfavorably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have described the phenomenon of improved stupidity as “infomania”. The research conducted by Hewlett Packard, the technology company, has concluded that it is mainly a problem for adult workers, especially men.
    It is concluded that too much use of modern technology can damage a person’s mind. It can cause a constant distraction of “always on” technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand. The report also added that, in a long term, the brain will be considerably shaped by what we do to it and by the experience of daily life. At a microcellular level, the complex networks of nerve cells that make up parts of the brain actually change in response to certain experiences.
    Too much use of modern technology can be damaging not only to a person’s mind, but to their social relationship. 1100 adults were interviewed during the research. More than 62 per cent of them admitted that they were addicted to checking their e-mails and text messages so often that they scrutinized work-related ones even when at home or on holiday. Half said that they always responded immediately to an email and will even interrupt a meeting to do so. It is concluded that infomania is increasing stress and anxiety and affecting one’s characteristics. Nine out of ten thought that colleagues who answered e-mails or messages during a face-to-face meeting were extremely rude.
    The effects on IQ were studied by Dr Glenn Wilson, a psychologist at University of London. “This is a very real and widespread phenomenon,” he said. “We have found that infomania will damage a worker’s performance by reducing their mental sharpness and changing their social life. Companies should encourage a more balanced and appropriate way of working.”
    小题1:We can learn from the passage that “infomania” ______.
    A．has a positive influence on one’s IQ
    B．results in the change of part of the brain
    C．lies in the problem of lack of concentration
    D．is caused by too much use of modern technology
    小题2:The research mentioned in the passage is most probably about ______.
    A．the important function of advanced technology
    B．the damage to one’s brain done by unhealthy habits
    C．the relevance between IQ and use of modern technology
    D．the relationship between intelligence and working effectiveness
    小题3:The underlined word “scrutinized” probably means “______”.
    A．examined carefullyB．copied patiently
    C．corrected quicklyD．admitted freely
    小题4:Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
    A．
    B．
    C．
    D．
    CP: Central Point   P: Point   Sp: Sub-point (次要点)   C: Conclusion

    小题1:D
    小题2:C
    小题3:A
    小题4:B
    文章讲述的是当代科技的过度使用会导致人的智商的下降。
    小题1:推理判断题，根据第一段内容可知，发短信等活动会导致智商下降。
    小题2:推理判断题。根据第二段It is concluded that too much use of modern technology can damage a person’s mind可知，文章讲述的是当代技术的过度使用会对人的智商有影响。
    小题3: 猜测词义题，根据后面的even when at home or on holiday可知，即使在家里或者放假的时候，还会认真的查看工作相关的邮件。
    小题4:通读全文，根据各段大意可知。
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    小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
    A．How to make payment online.
    B．Ways of using delivery online.
    C．Advantages of an online-auction system.
    D．How to use an online-auction system.
    小题2:After bidding for an item, a buyer __________.
    A．will get what he wants in ten days
    B．should make payment immediately
    C．has chances to make higher bids
    D．may check its picture and description
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

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    B．are likely to sell well in the future.
    C．are mainly used in the United States
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

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    C．To kill them.D．To protect them.
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    B．the oceans don’t need to be further explored
    C．he considers exploring the ocean a dangerous thing
    D．the marine creatures mainly live on the top of the ocean
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    B．The census of sea life will last for ten years.
    C．230,000 new marine animals have been found.
    D．The sea floor is at a depth of 400 meters.
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    A．To tell the news that new marine creatures are being discovered
    B．To encourage people to find new marine creatures
    C．To prove the importance of marine creatures
    D．To introduce the newly-discovered creatures.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Scientists at Harvard University and Bates College find female chimpanzees (黑猩猩) appear to treat sticks as dolls, carrying them around until they have children of their own. Young males engage in such behavior much less frequently.
    The new work by Sonya M. Kahlenberg and Richard W. Wrangham, described this week in the journal Current Biology, provides the first evidence of a wild non­human species playing with dolls, as well as the first known sex difference in a wild animal’s choice of playthings.
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    小题1:What does a female chimpanzee do with sticks?
    A．She gives them to her child to play with.
    B．She treats them as dolls.
    C．She makes useful tools from them.
    D．She treats them as weapons.
    小题2: What causes the different toy selection of chimpanzees, according to the passage?
    A．Sex difference.B．Socialization.
    C．Environment. D．Cultural difference.
    小题3:We can infer from the fourth paragraph that ________.
    A．socialization has nothing to do with human’s choice of playthings
    B．sex difference is the only factor in human’s choice of playthings
    C．the biology factor may also influence toy choice
    D．people choose different toys in different cultures
    小题4:It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
    A．both humans and chimpanzees choose their playthings due to sex difference
    B．different factors cause humans and chimpanzees to choose different playthings
    C．only female chimpanzees have playthings
    D．chimpanzees usually choose playthings for their children

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for cars, a study has shown. The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences.
    Psychologists Dr Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 babies aged 9 months to 36 months. The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys. Some were typically boys’ toys ---- a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy. The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set. They were placed a meter away from the toys；and could pick whichever toy they liked their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.
    Of the youngest children (9 to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched. There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.
    Dr Brenda Todd said, “Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization. Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer: moving objects, probably through hunting instincts（本能）, while girls prefer warmer colors such as pink, the colour of a newborn baby.”                                
    小题1:Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because ________.
    A．baby boys are much more active
    B．baby girls like bright colours more
    C．their parents treat them differently
    D．there is a natural difference between them
    小题2:Both baby boys and baby girls like to play with ________ according to the study.
    A．a ballB．a teddyC．a carD．a doll
    小题3:What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
    A．Nine-month-old baby boys don’t play with dolls at all.
    B．Two-year-old baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls.
    C．The older the babies are, the more obvious their preference is.
    D．Parents should teach their babies to share each other’s toys.
    小题4:What conclusion did Dr. Brenda Todd draw from the results of the study?
    A．Adults purposely influence their babies’ preference.
    B．Babies’ preference isn’t affected by social surroundings.
    C．Baby boys preferring to moving toys will be good at hunting.
    D．Baby girls preferring warmer colors will be warm-hearted.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphone, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful---both in school and in life.
    Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
    Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks---both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
    In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.
    Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换) “those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot(发现) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time.
    “In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”
    小题1:What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?
    A．The absence of blackboard in classroom.
    B．The use of new technologies in teaching.
    C．The lack of practice in handwriting.
    D．The popular use of smartphones.
    小题2:Berninger’s study published in 2009 ___________.
    A．focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer.
    B．indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper.
    C．found that good essays are made up of long sentences.
    D．discussed the importance of writing speed.
    小题3:Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?
    A．Spelling improves one’s memory of words.
    B．Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.
    C．Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.
    D．Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.
    小题4:What does “mind’s eye” in paragraph 5 mean?
    A．Window.B．SoulC．Picture.D．Imagination.
    小题5:What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?
    A．Computers can help people with their choice of words.
    B．Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.
    C．Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms.
    D．Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    For better eyesight, doctors advise limiting the hours of screen time and encourage having enough eye resting time.
    However, another study shows that sitting in front of computer or TV screens for long hours is not the only reason for myopia（近视）. An Australian research team studied young children in Sydney and Singapore to find the reasons for myopia.
    The research team found that the prevalence（流行）of myopia among children in Sydney was lower than children in Singapore, even though they spent more time in front of computer and TV screens. The major finding is that children in Sydney spend longer hours on outdoor activities than those in Singapore.
    Indoor and outdoor sports activities both make the eyes focus on more distant objects, which prevents the eyes from changing shape. But outdoor activities may better help avoid myopia than indoor sports activities.
    Jane Gwiazda, who does research in sight problems, says: “Natural light is good for eye growth. And extra vitamin D from the sun might contribute to eye growth.”
    Many doctors suggest that every child get its first eye test done when he/she is about two and half years old, and even if his/her sight seems perfect.
    It is necessary for myopic children to wear glasses to prevent headaches, trouble reading or injuries. It is also important that schools invite doctors to test their students’ eyes.
    If that is not possible, school teachers should at least encourage parents and children to have regular eye examinations and wear glasses. And parents should remember not only to limit the total screen time for their children, but also to encourage them to spend time outdoors.
    小题1:What’s the aim of the study by the Australian research team ?
    A．To find the reasons for myopia.
    B．To find the ways to treat myopia.
    C．To prove the bad effects of myopia.
    D．To prove the prevalence of myopia.
    小题2:Why are there fewer children with myopia in Sydney than in Singapore ?
    A．Because Sydney children watch less TV.
    B．Because Sydney children have more eye resting time.
    C．Because Sydney children use computers less.
    D．Because Sydney children do more outdoor sports.
    小题3:What conclusion can we draw from the passage ?
    A．Sydney children don’t study hard.
    B．Singapore children do few exercises.
    C．Outdoor activities do more good to eyes.
    D．Room light does harm to children’s eyes.
    小题4:Which of the following statements is TRUE ?
    A．Children should have eye tests as soon as they reach school age.
    B．Doing outdoor activities with no glasses is good for myopia children.
    C．Focusing on distant objects can help the eyes keep their original shape.
    D．Children should limit their time in the sun in order to protect their eyes.

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