Question

The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or m, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother" 一 the real mother or the mother-substitute (母亲替代树).

During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes 一 one covered with cloth 4nd one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their fuvorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the mw comfortable cloth mother.

Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact (接級) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn't “rub" as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort" with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is cither warmth or milk.

According to the Harlows, the basic quality of baby’s love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no nutter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother it now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushed to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. it then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother.”

50. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?

A. Warmth.             B. Milk.                C. Contact.            D. Trust.

51. After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is ______.

A. larger in size                                     B. closer lo them

C. less frightening and less disturbing      D. more comfortable to rub against

52. Whal docs the baby monlcry probably gain from prolonged Mcontact comfort"?

A. Altenlion.                                        B. Softness.

C. Confidence.                                     D. Interest.

53. It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels sccure, ______.

A. it frequently niftheft back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys

B. it spends more time screaming to get rewards

C. il is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting

D. it cares less alxnii whether itA mother is still around

54. Hie main purpose of ihc passage is to ______.

A. give the reasons for (he experiment

B. present the findings of the experiment

C. introduce the method of the experiment

D. describe the process of the experiment

Answer 1

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍并分析了a baby monkey在出生后两周内的心理反应。

段落	关键词、句	大意推测
第一部分（Para. 1）	can move around;hold tightly to its mother;approach and hold;avoid newcomers focuses its attentions on its mother	出生第一周的a baby monkey：可以四处走动；紧紧拉着妈妈；靠近并握紧；回避陌生人；注意力在妈妈身上
第二部分（Para. 2-4）	warmth is the most important psychological thing;contact comfort;give the baby confidence;feel more secure;rush back;bit by bit;spend more and more time playing	出生两周的a baby monkey： 温暖是最重要的心理东西；接触舒适；给小猴子信心；觉得更安全；逐渐地；花费越来越多的时间玩

【解析】

50.A。细节判断题。难度：较易。找到关键词the first two weeks定位第二段。根据During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological thing that a baby mother has to give it to its baby.（在出生的前两周，温暖是猴子妈妈给baby monkey最重要的心理东西）。锁定答案A。

51.D。细节判断题。难度：较易。找到关键词prefer cloth mother，定位第二段第一句。根据contact comfort（触摸舒适），我们可知是因为布制的mother在体感上让baby monkey更舒服。因此，正确答案为选项D。

52.C。细节判断题。难度：较易。找到关键词prolonged contact comfort，定位第三段。根据Prolonged contact comfort with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence.（长时间的和布制的mother接触显然给小猴子自信）。

53.D。判断推理题。难度：中等。找到关键词feel secure，定位第四段。通读第四段，我们知道Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its mother（逐渐地它对新环境的恐惧消失，把越来越多的时间花在玩玩具方面，于是花越来越少的时间紧紧拉住妈妈）。因此，正确答案为选项D。

【干扰项排除】选项A“在它玩具的时候，时常跑回去拥抱妈妈”是在它感觉安全感不强烈的情况下的表现，因而是错的；选项B“它花费大量的时间尖叫期待奖赏”文中并未提及；选项C“尽管玩具很有趣，但玩具对它没有很大的吸引力”这是在它缺乏安全感的时候的表现，因此排除。

54.B。主旨推测题。难度：较难。通读全文，我们知道，作者按着baby monkey出生后的时间顺序，记录了小猴子从刚出生、出生一周左右到长到两周左右的心理发展变化。因此，正确答案是选项B，而不是“给出试验理由、介绍试验方法或者描述试验过程”。

【难句学习】

During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological thing that a baby mother has to give it to its baby.

翻译：在出生的前两周，温暖是猴子妈妈给baby monkey最重要的心理（需求的）东西。

分析：本句的主干warmth is perhaps the most important psychological thing，that引导的从句为thing的定语从句，during短语做时间状语。