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2.Most people look forward to retirement as a time when they can finally take up activities that they never had the time or energy to pursue before.But some recent studies on people in their golden years are disturbing:they suggest that retirees are more likely to suffer from depression and possibly higher rates of other diseases such as heart disease and high blood pressure.That's why a new study of French workers is welcome news.
Led by Hugo Westerlund,a professor of psychology at Stockholm University,the study of more than 14,000workers found lower rates of depression and fatigue (疲劳) in people after they got tired while they were still employed.
The scientists followed the employees of the French national gas and electric company for 14years.They found in the year immediately after retirement,the volunteers reported 40% fewer depressive symptoms than they had in the year before their retirement.The researchers also found an 81% drop in reports of both mental and physical fatigue over the same time period.
Clearly,said Westerlund,much of these decrease in physical and mental fatigue can be traced back to relief from the stresses of work.The decline in depressive symptoms suggests that retirement may be having a positive mental effect,too,which may have a lot to do with the generous pensions (养老金) that French workers enjoy.Most retirees in that country still benefit from about 80% of their yearly salaries.
"The economic or financial situation in retirement is very important,"Westerlund says."We don't know if the decrease in fatigue and depressive symptoms is because of the removal of something bad while in work or the addition of something good while in retirement.But no matter what the reason,if life in retirement is not comfortable,then we won't see the improvements we did."
However,in European nations like France,governments are considering changes to pension plans,which may affect retirees'health after they leave their jobs-with less of a financial safety net,workers may no longer seem so mentally and physically happy to be out of work.
(Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)

78.According to some recent studies,retired people may have depression and higher rates of other diseases likeheart disease and high blood pressure.
79.Westerlund's group found that in the year just after the retirement most retired French workers felt much less tired bothmentally and physically.
80.What does the word"improvements"in paragraph 5refer to?The decrease in fatigue and depressive symptoms.
81.Retirement may make people happier withmore of a financial safety net.

分析 文章大意:大多数人期望等他们退休时,可以从事以前他们因为没有时间和精力所追求的事情.而最近的一项研究表明,这些退休的人更有可能患病,比如:抑郁,心胀病,高血压等.很多退休的面临经济压力,他们退休之后,还需要工作.欧洲一些国家正考虑改变这一状况,减少老年退休的经济压力.

解答 78.heart disease and high blood pressure.细节理解题.从第一段的句子:they suggest that retirees are more likely to suffer from depression and possibly higher rates of other diseases such as heart disease and high blood pressure.可知答案是heart disease and high blood pressure
79.mentally and physically. 细节理解题.从第三段的句子:he researchers also found an 81% drop in reports of both mental and physical fatigue over the same time period.可知退休的人精神和身体都感到疲劳.mentally and physically
80.The decrease in fatigue and depressive symptoms. 细节理解题.从第五段的句子:"We don't know if the decrease in fatigue and depressive symptoms is because of the removal of something bad while in work or the addition of something good while in retirement.可知是减少疲劳和压抑的症状:the decrease in fatigue and depressive symptoms
81.more of a financial safety net 细节理解题. 根据文章最后一段可知,如果一些像法国那样的欧洲国家政府决定改变养老金计划,削减退休人员的养老金的话,就会造成以下后果:with less of a financial safety net,workers may no longer seem so mentally and physically happy to be out of work.即退休工人在减少财政安全感的情况下,可能在退休没有工作后再也不会身心愉悦了.也就意味着,只有带着more of a financial safety net,退休才可能让人更加幸福.本题答题的关键在于读懂最后一段,并进行逆向思维,将原文中的less改成more.

点评 阅读理解题目的题型是客观的,而阅读表达的题型则是主观的,这不仅需要考生将文章理解,还需要将自己对文章的理解通过自己的语言表达出来,而且要受到字数的限制.这就是说阅读理解只是要求学生将文章及题目中的信息理解了,就能作对题目,而阅读表达不仅要求学生理解文章和题目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的语言表达出来,是一种信息的输出.

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