【题目】At what age does a child became an adult? 【1】 Here are a few examples.
First, in some North American Indian culture, a boy became a man around the age of 13. At that time, he would go into the woods alone, without food or water, for several days. 【2】 Girls became adult women as soon as they were old to have babies, also around the age of 12 or 13.
In the Jewish religion, children spend years studying their history and religion. Then, at age of 13 for boys and 12 for girls, they go through an important religious ceremony. 【3】
In Japan today, young people become legal adult at age 20. Each year on January 15th, they celebrate “Coming-of-Age Day”, when the 20-year-olds in a town are invited to attend to
special ceremony. 【4】
Finally, in the United States, the passage into adulthood takes several years. American teenagers look forward to their 16th birthday because in most states that is the age when can get a driver’s license. The legal age of adulthood is 18, when Americans can vote, get married and work full-time. However, they must wait until age 21 to buy alcohol. 【5】
A.Manypeoplecelebratetheir21stbirthdaybyhavingadrinkwithfriendsinabar.
B. It’s hard to answer the question.
C. The answer depends on your culture or religion.
D. Fromthatday, theyareadults, andtheybecomeresponsiblefortheirownreligious development.
E. Whenhereturnedsafely, hebecameanadultman.
F. Theteenagersarenotallowedtodrinkalcohol.
G. Theyweartraditionalclothes, listentospeechesandvisitoldfriends.
【答案】
【1】C
【2】E
【3】D
【4】G
【5】A
【解析】文章列举了不同国家不同文化背景对成年人的界定。
【1】C
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上句讲孩子在什么年龄叫成年人？下文是一些具体例子，不同国家不同的划分标准。C项：答案要根据不同的文化和地区而定，承上启下，连接前后。故选C.
【2】E
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲北美印第安人的习俗，男孩到了13岁就独自进入森林，在无食物和水的情况下呆几天。E项：男孩安全回来后就成了男人，是上面情况的结论，故选E.
【3】D
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲在犹太地区，孩子们学习历史和宗教。男孩12岁女孩13岁时参加一次重要的宗教仪式。D项：从那天起他们就是成年人了，他们要对宗教发展负责任，是对上文情况的结论。故选D.
【4】G
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲日本人对成年人的标准，20岁成为法定成年人，每年1月15日参加专门的仪式。G项：他们穿着传统的服装，听演讲和拜访老朋友。是仪式当天的活动，与上文连接。故选G.
【5】A
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲在美国不同年龄不同权利的界定，上句讲必须要等到21岁才能买酒，A项：许多人通过在酒吧和朋友喝酒来庆祝21岁生日，与上句连接，故选A.
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Four Ways to Be a Great Roommate
Having a roommate can be one of the best experiences in college or, easily, one of the worst.
Follow these tips to avoid the common mistakes that turn good roommate relationships sour.
Talk things out.
Communication is key. If something happens, sit down with your roommate and have a face-to-face conversation. I've seen roommate relationships fall apart because something happens and, instead of talking to each other, the two start complaining about their roommates behind their backs.
Don't expect to be best friends.
Some roommates become the best of friends, and some don't. Don't put pressure on yourself or your roommate, especially when you first meet. And if your roommate doesn't end up being your best friend, don't worry.
Ask before you take.
This applies to food, clothes and anything else. If you want to keep a relationship going, show your roommate that you have respect for what is his or hers by asking first. ◇Clean up after yourself.
This should do without saying. Don't be lazy. Or, at least, don't bury your roommate in your clothes and garbage. Most people I've come across in college are messy. But being considerate with where you put your stuff will help you avoid conflict.
A. So you need to think twice before you help your roommates out.
B. This creates nothing but awkward situations and unhappiness.
C. Even if you both agree to share everything, you should still ask.
D. You don't have all the time to clean your room and keep it organized.
E. It all starts with you to have a good relationship with your roommate.
F. Sometime you get stuck with someone who has tons of negative energy.
G. Remember, you're trying to make a new friend, not to scare your roommate away.
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增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
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2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
On the development of the Internet, people use computer to surf the Internet every day. The Internet made it easy for people to leave their own opinions on hot issues, and then some new words are creating. Zhai is a very popular word, which refers to the people who is staying at home all the time. They seldom go out to a real world. People can buy that they want on the Internet and the goods can be delivered to their homes, so more and more people like staying at home. Of course it's good for health. Get rid of the habit of staying at home can bring people a health life.
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Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows. However，is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
Scientists believe that these first settlers (cross) the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century，after the (arrive) of Europeans，the native people suffered greatly.
Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. addition，many died from the diseases brought by Europeans. However，some survived these terrible times，and today there are more Native Americans (live) in California than in any other state.
In the 18th century，California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century， they fought against the native people and (take) their land.
Two centuries later，the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States of first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men， ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.
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【题目】Have you ever imagined traveling to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language?
In a recent Wall Street Journal article, technology policy expert Alec Ross argued that, within a decade or so, we’ll be able to communicate with one another via small earpieces with built - in microphones. That’s because technological progress is extremely rapid. It’s only a matter of time. Indeed, some parents firmly hold the idea that this technology is approaching and they’re wondering if their kids should even learn a second language.
It’s true that an increase in the quantity and accuracy of the data loaded into computers will make them cleverer at translating “No es bueno dormir mucho” as “It’s not good to sleep too much.” Replacing a word with its equivalent (同义词) in the target language is actually the “easy part” of a translator’s job. But even this seems to be a discouraging task for computers.
It’s so difficult for computers because translation doesn’t--or shouldn’t--involve simply translating words, sentences or paragraphs. Rather, it’s about translating meaning. And in order to infer meaning from a specific expression, humans have to interpret a mass of information at the same time.
Think about all the related clues that go into understanding an expression：volume，gesture, situation, and even your culture. All are likely to convey as much meaning as the words you use.
Therefore, we should be very skeptical of a machine that is unable to interpret the world around us. If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it, how can we expect a machine to do better? Unless engineers actually find a way to breathe a soul into a computer, undoubtedly when it comes to conveying and interpreting meaning using a natural language, a machine will never fully take our place.
【1】What view does the author hold about translation?
A. Proper translation can be tough for humans.
B. Slight differences matter little in translation.
C. Some machines will interpret our world properly.
D. Cultures deserve more attention than words used.
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C. Optimistic D. Negative.
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假如你是李华，已经被大学录取，即将进入大学学习。请你用英语给好友Sam写一封信，谈谈进入大学后的打算。
短文应包含以下要点：1）尽快适应环境;
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Dear Sam,
How are you getting along with your life recently? ……
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【题目】任务型阅读Money Matters
Parents should help their children understand money.So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.
⒈ The basic function of money
Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier(收银员). When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more ways of using money.
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Approach money lessons with openness and honesty. If you must say no to a child's request to spend money, explain, “You have to make a choice between this and that toy.”
⒊
Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product –a name-brand butter and a generic(无商标产品), for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.
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