关于潮汐,古人说:“潮者,据朝来也;汐者,言夕至也.”图10-6-1是利用潮汐发电的示意图.左方为陆地和海湾,中间为大坝;其下有通道,水经通道可带动发电机.涨潮时,水进入海湾,待内外水面高度相同,堵住通道[图10-6-1(甲)],潮退至最低点时放水发电[图10-6-1(乙)];待内外水面高度相同;再堵住通道,直到下次涨潮至最高点,又放水发电[图10-6-1(丙)].设海湾面积为5.0×107 m2,高潮与低潮间高度差3.0 m,则一天内水流的平均功率为_____MW.
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图10-6-1
(注:实际上由于各种损失,发电功率仅为水流的平均功率的10%—25%.例如法国兰斯河(the Rance River)潮汐发电站水势能释放平均功率240 MW,而发电功率仅为62 MW)
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