Question

— Excuse me. I want to buy some stamps, but I can’t find a post office.
— I know ______ nearby. Come on, I’ll show you.

A．one

B．it

C．that

D．any

Answer 1

A

试题分析：句意：--请问，我想买一些邮票，但是我找不着邮局。--我知道附近有一个，跟我来，我领着你去it／one ／that三者均可用作代词, 指代前面提到的名词。一般说来, it指代同名同物; one与that则指代同名异物。
I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it. （该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella）
I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. （one在该句中表泛指, 因为my umbrella已经丢了）
one与that虽可用来指代同名异物, 但one为泛指, 相当于a／an＋名词; that为特指, 相当于the ＋名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 a／an ／some ／any; that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the ／this ／that。
one只能代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用ones; that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用 those。
I like this pen more than that one. （one代替可数名词单数pen）
There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. （ones代替可数名词复数people）
one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有时可以用the one或the ones代替that或those。
one一般有前置修饰语, 有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语。而 that不能有前置修饰语, 但可有后置修饰语。
it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等, 充当形式主语或形式宾语。one与that均无此用法。
It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month.
I found it hard to get on with her.
it与that均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容, 而one ／ones则不可以。
点评：本题难度适中。代词在近几年的高考中出现的频率较高，不仅在单选里，还出现在短文改错中。需要考生平时牢记它们的用法。
即学即练：The umbrella you bought is cheaper than _____ I bought.
A. one            B. it             C. that            D. any
解析：C。替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”, 以区别“the umbrella you bought”.