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    President Abraham Lincoln’s first call for volunteers to fight in the Civil War was for whites only.The Civil War was a white man’s war，northern whites insisted.Its purpose was to preserve the Union.It was not being fought to end slavery.But by September of 1862，the sentiment toward black volunteers had changed.Lincoln had hoped that the war would be short，but it had already lasted for a year and a half.Union manpower had fallen dangerously.
    Lincoln had a plan.He issued the Emancipation Proclamation.It stated that as of January 1,1863，all slaves living in the rebellious southern states would be forever free.And starting immediately，Union armies would accept black volunteers.
    The southern rebels’response to Lincoln’s call for black troops was a deadly one.Captives (俘虏) of any Union regiment (团) with black troops were to be given “no quarter”．They were to be put to death immediately.
    African­American troops throughout the war distinguished themselves (表现突出) in battle at places like Milliken’s Bend，Fort Wagner，and the Crater at St.Petersburg.As to their conduct on the battlefield，Colonel Thomas Wentworth Higginson wrote，“Nobody knows anything about these men who has not seen them in battle.No officer in this regiment now doubts that the successful process of the war lies in the unlimited employment of black troops.” By the war’s end,186,000 black men had participated.They made up nearly 10 percent of Union forces.These black soldiers saw action in more than 250 battles.Black soldiers also gave their lives.By the war’s end，about 38,000 black soldiers had died.They died from disease，in battle，and after capture by rebel troops.
    小题1:This passage is mainly about________.
    A．cause of the Civil War
    B．the Emancipation Proclamation
    C．black soldiers in the Civil War
    D．why Lincoln was a good president
    小题2:What does the underlined word “sentiment” in the first paragraph mean?
    A．Whites.
    B．People who keep watch.
    C．Rebels.
    D．Thought and feeling.
    小题3:What can we conclude from the passage?
    A．Lincoln acted too late to free the slaves.
    B．Blacks fought well for the Union cause.
    C．The Civil War changed American history.
    D．The southern rebels nearly won the Civil War.
    小题4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
    A．The Civil War’s purpose was to drive the black away.
    B．The Civil War ended just in one year with the help of the blacks.
    C．All slaves were set free by September of 1862.
    D．Black captives of any Union regiment were killed after Lincoln’s call.

    小题1:C
    小题2:D
    小题3:B
    小题4:D

    小题1:C
    解析　主旨大意题。通读本文可知，本文主要围绕美国内战中的黑人士兵展开，黑人的参战对内战的胜利起到了非常重要的作用。
    小题2:　D
    解析　词义猜测题。联系上下文可知，起初林肯只号召白人参战，由于战争需要，他开始意识到武装黑人可以增大战斗力，他的想法开始转变。故sentiment意义与D项最接近。
    小题3:B
    解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Colonel所述及最后几句可推知，黑人对联邦军的事业、对内战的胜利做出了重大贡献。
    小题4:D
    解析　细节理解题。由文章第三段可知，在林肯发出吸纳黑人入伍的号召后，南方叛军只要抓到黑人俘虏就会将他们杀害。
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    The CEO of Apple, Steve Jobs’ story about death
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    C．show the crucial role religion plays in medical treatments
    D．compare the educational background of three different types of patients

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