Question

3．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
      2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
     We middle school students have had many tests or exam．We have achieved success and suffer failure．Different students take different attitudes to failure．Some is in low spirits when they don't do well in the exams．They usually lose their heart and no longer study so harder as before．But most students take an active attitude towards failure．They encourage themselves to be confidently．They try to find out but analyze the causes so that they will no longer make same mistakes．I agree with those which have active attitudes．As we are all know，failure is the mother of success．

Answer 1

分析 本文作者主要通过分析中学生对待考试失利的态度，旨在鼓励学生们应该积极地去面对它，因为失败是成功之母．文中作者讲到：中学生会经历很多的考试，他们获得过成功，也遭受过失败；不同的学生对待考试失败有着不同的态度；有些人因此而情绪低落，甚至丧失信心，不再像从前那样努力学习；但是大多数人在面对失败时，能鼓励自己要有信心，找到并分析失败的原因，从而避免再犯同样的错误．最后，作者提出他赞同具有积极态度的学生，因为失败是成功之母．

解答 We middle school students have had many tests or exam．We have achieved success and sufferfailure．
                                                                         exams                                              suffered
Different students take different attitudes to failure．Some is in low spirits when they 
                                                                                      are
don't do well in the exams．They usually lose their heart and no longer study so harder as before．
                                                                   去掉their                                       hard
But most students take an active attitude towards failure．They encourage themselves to be confidently．
                                                                                                                                       confident
They try to find out butanalyze the causes so that they will no longer make∧same mistakes．
                            and                                                                         the
I agree with those which have active attitudes．As we are all know，failure is the mother of success．
                            who                                            去掉are

1．将exam改为exams   考查名词单复数    此处or之后省略了形容词many，意为：许多的测验或考试；故用名词的复数形式exams
2．将suffer改为suffered    考查并列谓语的一致性     此处表达的是一种结果，意为：我们已经取得了成功，并且也遭受过了失败；故用现在完成时，由于and连接的两个并列谓语在形式上应保持一致，故用suffered
3．将is改为are     考查主谓一致      此处的主语some指"一些学生"表示复数；故将谓语动词改为are
4．去掉their     考查固定短语的用法     固定短语lose heart"丧失信心"或"情绪低落"；lose one's heart"爱上"；本句的意思是：他们通常丧失信心；故去掉the，用lose heart
5．将harder改为hard    考查形容词的用法      此处用在"not so/as+形容词或副词的原级+as…"结构中，表示原级比较，意为：他们通常丧失信心，并且不再像以前那样努力学习了；故用hard
6．将confidently改为confident      考查形容词的用法    本句的意思是：他们鼓励自己要有信心；此处的动词不定式短语用作宾语补足语，说明宾语 themselves 的状况；故用形容词形式
7．将but改为and       考查连词的用法     此处用来连接两个表示并列关系的谓语，意为：找到并分析原因；故用and
8．在same之前加the     考查固定用法       same 意为"相同的，同样的"，通常与定冠词the连用；构成the same
9．将which改为who     考查关系代词的用法   根据句意"我同意那些具有积极态度的人的观点"可知，此处是定语从句；先行词 those 指人，在从句中作主语；由于which指物，故用who
10．去掉are    考查系动词的用法     系动词的后面不能跟动词原形，其后可以跟非谓语动词作表语；根据句意"正如我们所知道的那样"可知，此处的谓语是 know；故去掉are

点评 短文改错是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性试题，主要考查学生对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力．错误类型一般有：缺词、多词和错词．常见的错误有：1 词法错误，主要包括动词、名词、冠词、形容词、副词、代词和介词等词类误用、同义词混淆使用、固定搭配等方面．解答此类试题时，需要正确分析句子成分，熟练掌握各词类的用法以及掌握一些固定搭配等．2 常见句法错误．通常表现为简单句、复合句以及疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和强调句等错误．解答此类试题时，需要掌握各类句子的句式结构及意义用法．3 应在理解文章大意的前提下，进行作答．