It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage.
I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers’ opinions. One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we’re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work.
Different from popular belief, we do not usually think in the works and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas (known as ‘mentalese’ ), and writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language. But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry (织锦)，writing can only be composed one thread at a time. Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.
When people write as if some strict critics (批评家) are looking over their shoulder, they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it, as wonderful and worth putting down. It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses.
1.What do we learn from the text about those famous writers?
|
A．They often regret writing poor works. |
|
B．Some of them write surprisingly much. |
|
C．Many of them hate reading their own works. |
|
D．They are happy to review the publishers’ opinions. |
2.What do people generally believe about the way human minds work?
|
A．People think in words and sentences. |
|
B．Human ideas are translated into symbols. |
|
C．People think by connecting threads of ideas. |
|
D．Human thoughts are expressed through pictures. |
3.What can we conclude from the text?
|
A．Most people believe we think in symbols. |
|
B．Loving our own writing is scientifically reasonable. |
|
C．The writers and critics can never reach an agreement. |
|
D．Thinking and writing are different stages of mind at work. |
1.C
2.A
3.D
【解析】
1.C细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"famous writers...dislike reading their own writing later"，可排除D，选C。A和B文中未提及。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句"Different from popular belief, we do not usually think in the works and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas."
3.D推理判断题。根据第三段第一句，排除A项；根据第二段第一句，排除B；根据最后一段，排除C；根据最后一段"we should have two different minds. At the first stage... It is only during rewrites..."，以及第三段描述的大脑工作模式，选D。
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
（2011·江西卷）D
Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.
Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.
Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.
Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潜在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products (副产品) of technological developments in the space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.
While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.
While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.
71. Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1?
A. To express his doubts.
B. To compare different ideas.
C. To introduce points for discussion.
D. To describe the conditions on Earth.
72. What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2?
A. Humans are nature-born to do so.
B. Humans have the tendency to fight.
C. Humans may find new sources of food.
D. Humans don’t like to stay in the same place.
73. The underlined word“spin-offs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to______.
A. survival chances B. potential resources
C. unexpected benefits D. physical possessions
74. What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?
A. O ur genetic makeup. B. Resources on the earth..
C. The adaptive ability of humans. D. By-products in space exploration.
75. Which of the statements can best sum un the passage?
A. Space exploration has created many wonders.
B. Space exploration provided the best value for money.
C. Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
We have studied in Songpu High School for several months.When I first went into the school gate and saw my new classroom and teachers，I thought I would have a new start.The school life is very busy and exciting.There are many activities in our school，such as Sports Meeting，Science Week，Art Week and so on.We all take an active part in them.I have made many new friends and we often help and learn from each other in study.Our teachers have taught us a lot.They not only teach us how to study but also teach us how to be a useful person in society.They tell us which thing is worth doing.Habit is a second nature.Our teachers often tell us to form a good habit.
People often say：There is no rule of learning.Now I feel it is true.The study now is far more different than before.I often find there is something difficult to understand at once.At this time，you must spend a lot of time studying by yourself or you won’t make progress.Of course study is hard but when you make progress you’ll find it is interesting.
Our school is clean and beautiful.There are many trees and flowers around it.In order to make our school more and more beautiful，we should try our best to keep it clean.
Today we are proud of Songpu.Tomorrow Songpu will be proud of us.
5．To study well，________is also important besides studying hard according to this passage.
A．being a useful person B．a good studying habit
C．taking part in activities D．making progress
6．The attitude of the author to his/her school is________.
A．thankful B．enthusiastic
C．loving D．exciting
7．The life of the students in this school is________.
A．boring B．harmonious (和谐的)
C．terrible D．quiet
8．The best title for this passage is________.
A．An Attractive School B．My School Life
C．I Like My School D．My Teacher
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科目：高中英语 来源：贵州省清华实验学校09-10学年度高二下学期4月月考 题型：阅读理解
第三部分: 阅读理解（共20题，每题2分，满分40分）
A
It is natural that young people are often uncomfortable when they are with their parents. They say that their parents don't understand them. They often think that their parents are out of touch with modem ways; that they are too serious and too strict with their children; and that they seldom give their children a free hand.
It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children's trust and they tend to forget how they themselves felt when young.
For example, young people like to act on the spot without much thinking. It is one of their ways to show that they have grown up and they can face any difficult situation. Older people worry more easily. Most of them plan things ahead, at least in the back of their minds, and do not like their plans to be upset by something unexpected.
When you want your parents to let you do something, you will have better success, if you ask before you really start doing it.
Young people often make their parents angry with their choices in clothes, in entertainment and in music. But they do not mean to cause any trouble—— it is just that they feel cut off from the older people's world, into which they have not yet been accepted. That's why young people want to make a new culture of their own. And if their parents do not like their music or entertainment or clothes or their ways of speech, this will make the young people extremely happy.
Sometimes you are so proud of yourself that you do not want your parents to say "yes" to what you do. All you want is to be left alone and do what you like. It is natural enough, after being a child for so many years, when you were completely under your parents' control.
If you plan to control your life, you'd better win your parents over and try to get them to understand you. If your parents see that you have a high sense of responsibility, they will certainly give you the right to do what you want to do.
56. _______ are to blame for the quarrels between parents and their children, according to this article.
A. Parents B. Young people
C. Neither parents nor their children D. Both parents and their children
57. This article is particularly written for__________
A. parents B. both parents and their children
C. young people D. teachers
58. According to the text, young people tend to__________.
A. ask for advice before they really start to do anything
B. do things without thinking carefully ahead
C. be very strict with themselves
D. think in the same way as their parents do
59. Older people tend to__________.
A. remember how they themselves felt when they were young
B. act on the spot without thinking very carefully
C. plan things before they act
D. ask for advice from others
60. Young people like to have clothes, entertainment and music in their own way, because ___.
A. they want to make their parents angry
B. they try to get their parents into trouble
C. they want to try on something new and look different from the older people
D. they know they are cleverer than the older people
61. According to the text , young people want to make a new culture of their own, because ___.
A. they don't feel they belong to the world of the older people
B. they do not want to get into trouble
C. they feel they are cleverer than the older people
D. they want to show they have grown up
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科目：高中英语 来源：2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试辽宁卷英语试题 题型：阅读理解
It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage.
I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers’ opinions. One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we’re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work. .
Different from popular belief ,we do not usually think in the works and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas （known as “mentalese”）, and writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language . But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry （织锦），writing can only be composed one thread at a time . Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produces new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.
When people write as if some strict critics （批评家） are looking over their shoulder , they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it ,as wonderful and worth putting down . It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses.
【小题1】What do we learn from the text about those famous writers?
| A．They often regret writing poor works |
| B．Some of them write surprisingly much. |
| C．Many of them hate reading their own works |
| D．They are happy to review the publishers’ opinions. |
| A．People think in words and sentences. |
| B．Human ideas are translated into symbols |
| C．People think by connecting threads of ideas. |
| D．Human thoughts are expressed through pictures. |
| A．Most people believe we think in symbols. |
| B．Loving our own writing is scientifically reasonable. |
| C．The writers and critics can never reach an agreement. |
| D．Thinking and writing are different stages of mind at work. |
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科目：高中英语 来源：江苏省2010届高三下学期课堂测试练习试题英语（三） 题型：阅读理解
三、阅读理解：
It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstandings between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are possessive and dominant; that they do not trust their children to deal with crises; that they talk too much about certain problems and that they have no sense of humor, at least in parent-child relationships.
I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they themselves felt when young.
Young people often irritate their parents with their choices in clothes and hairstyles, in entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture and society of their own. Then, if it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents, this gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style and taste.
Sometimes you are resistant and proud because you do not want your parents to approve of what you do. If they did approve, it looks as if you are betraying your own age group. But in that case, you are assuming that you are the underdog: you can’t win but at least you can keep your honor. This is a passive way of looking at things. It is natural enough after long years of childhood, when you were completely under your parents’ control. But it ignores the fact that you are now beginning to be responsible for yourself.
If you plan to control your life, co-operation can be part of that plan. You can charm others, especially parents, into doing things the way you want. You can impress others with your sense of responsibility and initiative, so that they will give you the authority to do what you want to do.
36. The author is primarily addressing _______.
A. parents of teenagers B. newspaper readers.
C. those who give advice to teenagers D. teenagers
37. The first paragraph is mainly about _______.
A. the teenagers’ criticism of their parents.
B. misunderstanding between teenagers and their parents.
C. the dominance of the parents over their children
D. the teenagers’ ability to deal with crises.
38. Teenagers tend to have strange clothes and hairstyles because they ______.
A. want to show their existence by creating a culture of their own.
B. have a strong desire to be leaders in style and taste.
C. have no other way to enjoy themselves better.
D. want to irritate their parents.
39. To improve parent-child relationships, teenagers are advised to be _____.
A. obedient B. responsible C. co-operative D. independent.
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