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    Culture helps human societies survive in changing natural environment£®For example, the end of the last Ice Age, beginning about 15,000 years ago, brought a big challenge to which humans had to adapt£®Before this time, large parts of the northern hemisphere were covered in great sheets of ice that contained much of the earth' s water£®In North America, large animals that wandered the vast tundra £¨±ùÔ­£© provided people with food and materials for clothing and simple shelters£®When the earth became warm, large Ice Age animals disappeared, and many land areas were covered by rising sea levels from melting ice£®But people survived, they developed new technologies and learned how to survive on new plant and animal species£® Finally some people settled into permanent villages, durable houses and farms£®
    Cultural adaptation has made humans one of the most successful species on the planet£® Through history, major developments in technology, medicine, and nutrition have allowed people to reproduce and survive in ever-increasing numbers£®The global population has risen from 8 million during the Ice Age to about 6 billion today£®
    However, the successes of culture adaptation can also create problems in the long run£®Over the last 200 years, people have begun to use large quantities of natural resources and energy and to produce a great amount of material and chemical wastes£®The global population now consumes some important natural resources¡ªsuch as petroleum, wood, and minerals¡ªfaster than nature can produce them£®Many scientists believe that in the process of burning fuels and producing wastes, people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable and possibly harmful ways£®Thus, the adaptive success of the present-day global culture of production and trade may be temporary£®
    СÌâ1:What is the first paragraph mainly talking about?
    A£®How the human beings survived in the Ice Age£®
    B£®What the situation was like during the Ice Age£®
    C£®What caused the Ice Age to come to an end£®
    D£®Why the Ice Age was very important£®
    СÌâ2:To deal with the problems, human beings should ______according to the passage£®
    A£®stop developing any longer
    B£®reduce the overuse of natural resources
    C£®stop the global warming and using natural resources
    D£®save more animals in case they all die out
    СÌâ3:Which of the following is the problem caused by cultural adaptation according to the passage?
    A£®A very developed culture came into being£®
    B£®New technologies have been developed£®
    C£®Natural resources have been used up£®
    D£®Human activities have done damage to the balance of nature£®
    СÌâ4:Which of the following can be the best tide of the passage?
    A£®Natural Environment Should Be Protected£®
    B£®The Success of Cultural Adaptation Is Not Permanent£®
    C£®The Global Population Is Increasing Since Ice Age£®
    D£®Human Beings Are Capable of Surviving on Earth.
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    ¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖÐÓ¢Óï À´Ô´£º²»Ïê ÌâÐÍ£ºÔĶÁÀí½â

    Whether I¡¯m looking for a good chat with some old Mends or a quiet place to meet a colleague, the pub will be the place I always choose.
    I could, of course, go to a bar. But a pub, I always find, is far more comfortable and has a more relaxed atmosphere.
    Many people in the UK also have a favorite pub at the end of the road where they live or nearby to where they work. I can almost always guarantee that I¡¯ll bump into someone I know at my ¡°local¡±, as we British call our nearest pub.
    In fact, many people from the UK say that the pub is a cornerstone (»ù´¡) of British life. Coming together over a drink, usually of beer, is generally con­sidered the best way to catch up with friends. For those who are a little reserved (ÄÚÏòµÄ), as the British sometimes are, it¡¯s the best way to open up and get chatting.
    However, this habit is slowly changing among some British people. According to a survey completed in August by UK trade magazine The Publican, eating, rather than drinking, has become the main source of income for our 52,000 pubs.
    The gastropub (ÃÀʳ¾Æ°É), with its greater emphasis on food, is primarily responsible. All over the country, this more expensive type of pub has been springing up, providing a place for more formal meetings with business partners. Wine is often drunk instead of the traditional beer.
    But not everyone¡¯s happy. Many people hate the fact that some local pubs are closing because new gastropubs are proving more profitable. ¡°Beer sales are sinking and many pubs are struggling to survive,¡± Rob Haward, of the British Beer and Pub Association, told UK newspaper The Daily Mail.
    For my part, I¡¯m going to do all I can to keep the local British pub alive. It will be the first place I visit when I go back home.
    СÌâ1:.  The article is mainly about         .
    A£®the British pub losing popularity B£®the author¡¯s love of pubs
    C£®how the British socialize D£®the local British pub
    СÌâ2:. Many British people say that the pub is a cornerstone of British life because         .
    A£®it is nearby and convenient
    B£®it is a great place for meeting friends
    C£®it is far more comfortable than a bar to have a drink
    D£®it is easy to bump into people they know in a pub ,
    СÌâ3:. From the text, we can conclude that gastropubs         .
    A£®will replace the local pubs
    B£®attach more importance to drinks
    C£®are somewhere between a restaurant and a bar
    D£®attract beer lovers as well as wine lovers
    СÌâ4:.  Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?
    A£®The author is in favor of gastropubs.
    B£®Wine is thought to show one¡¯s class and taste.
    C£®British people do not go to pubs as often as be­fore.
    D£®Local pubs are being seriously affected by gastropubs.

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    When the shooting of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows was complete, it was much more than a movie wrap-up (½áÊø).
    Rupert Grint, who played Ron Weasley, told The Sunday Times that he¡¯s happy to have the time for romance now filming is over. Emma Watson, who is Hermione Granger in the movies, said she looked forward to ¡°finally being free, being my own person¡± ¨C a change signaled by her new haircut.
    Daniel Radcliffe, who has been the face of the boy wizard since 2001, said that he ¡°did cry like a little girl¡± when the last movie finished.
    ¡°It¡¯s like the ending of a relationship,¡± he told The Vancouver Sun. ¡°There¡¯s a sense of, ¡®God, what am I going to do now?¡¯¡± He said he was eager to see ¡°what life holds for him beyond Hogwarts¡±.
    Along with the three actors, Harry Potter fans, now in their late teens, came of age with J.K. Rowling¡¯s characters. For them, the last film isn¡¯t just a goodbye to a decade of magic, but the close of their childhoods.
    ¡°We are the Harry Potter generation,¡± Canadian Andrea Hill, 19, told The Vancouver Sun. ¡°We started in elementary school, reading about a boy our age who was going through the same things we were going through. We grew up, so did he.¡±
    For Emily Chahal, an 18-year-old student, the series has been an inspiring journey. ¡°That first book was what started my love of literature. It was the inspiration for everything ¨C really teaching me to appreciate my friends, and to face difficulties with a sense of courage,¡± she said. ¡°I have a sense of sadness. The end of the movies is kind of the end of my childhood, too.¡±
    Fortunately, to the delight of die-hard fans, there are many things that keep the boy wizard alive. For example, in June this year, a Harry Potter theme park opened in Florida, US.
    Some schools in the US and UK also have Quidditch teams ¨C players ride broomsticks. ¡°We¡¯re not waiting anymore to see what happens to Harry next,¡± Hill told The Vancouver Sun. She founded a Quidditch club at Carleton University in Canada. ¡°We¡¯re still engaged in that magical world.¡±
    СÌâ1:.
    How did Emma Watson feel when she finished the shooting of the Harry Potter series?
    A£®She cried like a little girl.
    B£®She was ready to move onto something new.
    C£®She was happy to have the time for romance.
    D£®She felt it was like the end of a relationship.
    СÌâ2:.
    . What did Daniel Radcliffe mean by saying he was eager to see ¡°what life holds for him beyond Hogwarts¡±?
    A£®He was bored with life in Hogwarts.
    B£®He couldn¡¯t wait to graduate from Hogwarts.
    C£®He missed life in Hogwarts now he had left.
    D£®He was looking forward to new life out of Hogwarts.
    СÌâ3:.
    . The series has brought Emily Chahal all the following EXCEPT _______.
    A£®the chance to live in a magical world
    B£®the courage to face difficulties
    C£®the appreciation of her friends
    D£®encouragement to love literature
    СÌâ4:.
    What is the main focus of the article?
    A£®Celebration of the close of childhood.
    B£®Fans¡¯ love for the Harry Potter series.
    C£®Mixed feelings about the end of the series.
    D£®Excited anticipation of the opening of the Harry Potter theme park.

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    ¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖÐÓ¢Óï À´Ô´£º²»Ïê ÌâÐÍ£ºÔĶÁÀí½â

    Explore the State of California
    California is one of the most interesting states of America that offers a lot of wonderful sceneries and fun attractions. It is also the most populated state and the third largest in land area. Anyone who has been to California would agree that it is indeed a place that offers a lot to tourists of all ages. Here are some top picks of the best places to visit in California State.
    San Francisco Bay Area - Witness the famous San Francisco Golden Gate Bridge which is one of the city's landmarks; and enjoy the beauty of Fisherman's Wharf that offers a lot of seafood restaurants. You should not miss the city's world-famous Cable Car System which is by far the only manually operated cable car system in the whole world.
    Yosemite National Park - This is one of the very first wilderness parks in the whole of America. It is known for its natural beauty and breathtaking sceneries. It offers a breath of fresh air away from the city life. Major places to visit include the Yosemite Falls, Sentinel Dome, El Capitan, Mariposa Grove and Glacier Point among many others.
    Los Angeles - Explore the home of the L.A. Lakers and do not fail to visit the Disneyland which is one of the major attractions of the city. The warm weather in Los Angeles makes it possible to do a lot of outdoor activities especially during the summer months. It is a family-friendly place that offers a wonderful shopping and dining experience. For those who particularly love the city and night life, L.A. can offer the best of almost everything.
    Napa Valley - With over a million visitors every year, Napa Valley is indeed a place you should not miss if you are in California. It is California's most popular wine growing region. You can also experience the Wine Train and hot air balloon ride over the valley.
    СÌâ1: From the first paragraph, we know that_____.
    A£®the State of California has the largest population in the US
    B£®California offers a lot to tourists of young people
    C£®California is also the largest in land area
    D£®California is the most interesting state of America
    СÌâ2:. According to the passage, if you want to breathe the fresh air, you¡¯ll go to _____.
    A£®San Francisco Bay Area
    B£®Yosemite National Park
    C£®Los Angeles
    D£®Napa Valley
    СÌâ3:. The underlined word ¡°region¡± in the last paragraph may probably mean _____.
    A£®companyB£®valleyC£®factoryD£®area
    СÌâ4:. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
    A£®Napa Valley will bring us a wonderful shopping and dining experience.
    B£®San Francisco Bay Area is California's most popular wine growing region.
    C£®Los Angeles allows us to visit the Disneyland and enjoy almost everything.
    D£®In Yosemite National Park, we can see the Yosemite Falls, Golden Gate Bridge.

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    ¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖÐÓ¢Óï À´Ô´£º²»Ïê ÌâÐÍ£ºÔĶÁÀí½â

    It's not every week that England's greatest playwright William Shakespeare hits the headlines, but the Bard of Avon £¨°¬·ÒºÓµÄÒ÷ÓÎÊ«ÈË£© has been the subject of two news stories in recent days as new information has come to light about the writer and his working environment£®
    In the first development, a portrait of Shakespeare, which is believed to be the only picture painted of him during his lifetime, was unveiled in London£®
    The artwork has been dated back to 1610, meaning it was painted six years before the writer's death£®
    The painting had been owned by a family descended from Shakespeare's literary patron £¨ÎÄѧÔÞÖúÈË£© tor hundreds of years without them ever knowing who the man in the picture was£®
    Alec Cobbe, who inherited the portrait, realized that the painting was a likeness of Shakespeare after visiting an exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery where he saw a portrait that had, until 70 years ago, been accepted as a life portrait of Shakespeare£®
    Mr Cobhe immediately realized he was looking at a copy of the painting that had been in his family for centuries£®
    The painting will now go on display in Shakespeare's hometown Stratford-upon-Avon£®
    In a separate story, archaeologists in London believe they have unearthed the remains of Shakespeare's first theatre£®
    The site was excavated£¨·¢¾ò£© by a team from the Museum of London last summer, and is believed to have been built in 1576£®
    Experts think that Shakespeare himself acted at the theatre, which may have been where the play Romeo and Juliet was premiered £¨Ê״ι«ÑÝ£©£®
    It is believed that 25 years after construction, the building was pulled down and moved timber by timber to the South Bank of the Thames, where a reconstruction of the theatre now stands£®
    СÌâ1:£®What is the story mainly about?
    A£®The remains of the first theatre£®B£®Shakespeare's portrait£®
    C£®Early life of Shakespeare£®D£®Great works of Shakespeare£®
    СÌâ2:£®What does the underlined word "unveiled" mean in the passage?
    A£®made publicB£®found outC£®on saleD£®sold out
    СÌâ3:£®Before visiting the exhibition, Alec Cobbe ___   _£®
    A£®knew his painting was a copy of the portrait of Shakespeare
    B£®thought his painting was a little like Shakespeare
    C£®realized his painting was very valuable
    D£®was unknown who the man in the painting was
    СÌâ4:£®Which of the following is true?
    A£®The site was the first theater Shakespeare built£®
    B£®Romeo and Juliet was first put on in 1576£®
    C£®The theatre was pulled down to make place for a new one£®
    D£®The theatre rebuilt stands on the South Bank of the Thames£®

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    Your House Will Take Care of You In Old Age
    Have you ever thought what your life would be like in old age? Everyone talks about the ¡°aging¡± society with large numbers of elderly people needing home care. Now German researchers have set up a ¡°smart¡± house, programmed to help the elderly live at home with dignity. Scientists at Germany¡¯s Fraunhofer Institute say the house combines existing technology with future-oriented technology.
    For example, the ¡°smart¡± bathroom has a touch screen mirror that can remind people to take their medicine, wash their hands or brush their teeth. The hardware behind Fraunhofer¡¯s electronic bathroom is not new, and the software runs on a regular personal computer.
    When the medicine cabinet is opened, a display in the middle of the mirror tells the person how many pills to take. The mirror is linked to a care provider, who can remotely check whether a patient at home is actually taking medicine and brushing his or her teeth. As many elderly people have arthritic(¹Ø½ÚÑ×µÄ) conditions that make it difficult to operate water taps, the mirror also has displays that turn the water tap on or off or control the water temperature.
    The bathroom is only the start. Kitchens, bedrooms and all other parts of the ¡°intelligent¡± home will become ¡°user-friendly¡± to meet all kinds of individual needs. Sensors in doors, toilets, taps, light switches and carpets detect every activity and record them electronically. Doctors or care staff can see from the computer records what personal hygiene tasks have been completed, how often the elderly person visits the bathroom or uses the toilet. In case of an emergency, the computer automatically alerts the chosen contact person or calls the care center.
    СÌâ1: The ¡®smart¡± bathroom has a touch screen mirror ________.
    A£®that can help the elderly brush their teethB£®which is linked to a nursing house
    C£®behind which is a medicine cabinetD£®that can remind people to do many things
    СÌâ2: The underlined word ¡°them¡± in the last paragraph refers to ________.
    A£®every activityB£®doors, toilets, taps, light switches and carpetsC£®individual needsD£®sensors
    СÌâ3:The house mentioned in the passage can be described as _________.
    A£®smart but expensiveB£®intelligent and convenient
    C£®smart and environmentally-friendlyD£®fashionable and energy-saving
    СÌâ4: How is the passage mainly developed?
    A£®By inferringB£®By listing examples.C£®By comparing.D£®By introducing a practical method.
    СÌâ5:The author of the text mainly _________.
    A£®calls on people to care for the oldB£®encourages the old to live with dignity
    C£®introduces a new houseD£®promotes a new house

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    ¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖÐÓ¢Óï À´Ô´£º²»Ïê ÌâÐÍ£ºÔĶÁÀí½â

    Weddings in the United States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare£» there are weddings on mountain-tops with guests barefooted£» and there have been weddings on the ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests. But many weddings, no matter where or how they are performed, include certain traditional customs.
    ¡¡¡¡Before a couple is married£¬they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready£¬then comes the most exciting moment.
    ¡¡¡¡The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The wedding party enters the church while the wedding march is played. The bride carrying a bouquet enters last with her father who will "give her away". The groom enters the church from a side door. When the wedding party is gathered by the altar£¬ the bride and groom exchange vows. It is traditional to use the words "To have and to hold from this day forward£¬ for better£¬ for worse£¬ for richer£¬ for poorer£¬ in sickness and in health£¬ to love and to cherish£¬ till death do us part". Following the vows£¬ the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom.
    ¡¡¡¡After the ceremony there is often a party, called a "reception" which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlyweds.
    The car in which the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamers and shaving cream. The words "Just Married" are painted on the trunk or back window. The bride and groom run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. When the couple drives away from the church£¬ friends often chase them in cars£¬ honking and drawing attention to them. And then the couple go on their honeymoon.
    СÌâ1: What¡¯s the main idea of the passage?
    A£®Introducing the kinds of wedding in the USA
    B£®introducing the whole procedure of the wedding in the USA
    C£®Introducing the traditional wedding ceremony in the USA
    D£®Introducing a forgetful wedding party in the USA
    СÌâ2:Which of the following sentences is true?
    A£®In American ,before a couple are married, they never get engaged.
    B£®It is an old custom to wear the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the right hand.
    C£®They don¡¯t invite the relatives who live far away to the wedding party.
    D£®The couple will go on their honeymoon on the very wedding day.
    СÌâ3:Which is the last but one step of the wedding ceremony?
    A£®The bride carrying a bouquet enters with her father who will "give her away"
    B£®t he bride and groom exchange vows
    C£®the couple exchange rings
    D£®The wedding party enters the church while the wedding march is played

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    Chinese politeness have always been formal to follow strict rules, although sometimes Chinese people seem to be impolite according to Western standards in public places. To well understand Chinese, some concepts should not be ignored.
    Mianzi
    The idea of shame, usually expressed as 'face' could be loosely defined as the 'status' or 'self-respect' in Chinese and by no means alien to foreigners. It is the worst thing for a Chinese to lose face. Never insult, embarrass, shame, yell at or otherwise demean a person. Since all these actions would risk putting a Chinese in a situation that he might lose face, neither try to prove someone wrong nor shout at him in public. In order to get a successful effect without letting a Chinese lose face, any criticism should be delivered privately, carefully, or else, just opposite to what you wish.
    Guanxi
    Throughout much of Chinese history, the fundamental glue that has held society together is the concept of guanxi, relationships between people. It is very important for the Chinese to have good relationships. They often regard good social relations as a symbol of personal ability and influence. Someone who has no connections would be disrespected and is only half-Chinese.
    Keqi
    Keqi not only means considerate, polite, and well mannered, but also represents respect and modesty. It is impolite to talk too proudly about oneself or one's inner circle. The expression is most often used in the negative, as in buyao keqi, meaning "you shouldn't be so kind and polite to me," or "you're welcome."
    Besides, Chinese seldom express what they think directly and they prefer a roundabout way. Neither show their emotions and feelings in public. They rarely greet people with a handshake, though it is very popular among foreigners, and say nothing of embracing or kissing when greeting or saying good-bye. Consequently, it is better not to behave too carefree in public, even though you are well-intentioned. Also, it is advisable to be fairly cautious in political discussions. Do not particularly push yourself forward, or else you are unwelcome.
    To sum up, do in Rome as Rome does, but you need not worry about these cultural barriers since most Chinese are hospitable and friendly and will not mind your no accomplishment.
    СÌâ1:In most Chinese¡¯s eyes, the fundamental glue holding society together is the idea of ____.
    A£®relationships between peopleB£®influences upon others
    C£®dependence on othersD£®kindness to others
    СÌâ2:The underlined word ¡°demean¡± in the first paragraph means make people _____.
    A£®respectfulB£®happyC£®shamefulD£®weak
    СÌâ3:Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
    A£®It is impolite to insult, embarrass, shame or shout at a person.
    B£®It is polite that you should bring gifts to others when invited to dinner.
    C£®It is necessary to show your character of being considerate, polite, and well mannered.
    D£®It is important for the Chinese to have good relationships between people.
    СÌâ4: Which of the following proverbs has the same meaning as the underlined sentence ¡°Do in Rome as Rome does.¡±?
    A£®Caution is the parent of safety.B£®Many hands make light work.
    C£®There¡¯s no smoke without fire.D£®If you are elsewhere, live as they do there.

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    Warm water freezes more quickly than cold water. Sir Francis Bacon said that almost four hundred years ago. But few people believed him. Later, a Canadian scientist George Kell proved the English scholar was right. Dr.Kell filled an open jar£¨¹Þ×Ó£©with cold water. He filled another with warm water. He put them both in the same low temperature. And the warm water froze first.
    What was the reason? Some of the warm water changed into vapour. It went into the air. This meant that less of the warm water was left to freeze. And so the warm water froze faster than the cold water.
    СÌâ1: Sir Francis Bacon was__________________.
    A£®an American chemistB£®an English scholar
    C£®a Canadian scientistD£®a French physicist
    СÌâ2: Dr.Kell¡¯s jars were both_____________________.
    A£®put in a place of the same low temperature
    B£®filled with warm water
    C£®left empty
    D£®put on a long table
    СÌâ3: The cold water froze more slowly because_____________.
    A£®there was less of it leftB£®there was more of it left
    C£®something else was added to it D£®its jar was much bigger
    СÌâ4: Dr.Kell proved what Bacon said in _____________ way.
    A£®a difficultB£®a hardC£®a wrongD£®a simple

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