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【题目】

When it comes to food coloring, why should we have to prove just exactly how and why the substance causes a negative effect on the people who consume it before we can 1 it ? If this were a necessary or meaningful food ingredient (材料) in any way, sure, that would be a reasonable standard. But food coloring has no nutritional value. Why are we 2 it?

Most likely because it helps companies sell products. Pretty food pays off because aesthetics (美学) in food does 3. We have relied on 4 cues (暗示) for thousands of years to help us determine what is edible, nutritious, and safe to eat. Man has adapted to appreciating natural colors, including a varity of green, red, pink, orange, yellow, and purple produce. Colors 5 that food is ripe (成熟的) or that it contains healthy compounds. Because of that 6 background, color is money for food manufacturers. Children are especially attracted to a variety of bright, vibrant colors and succumb to (屈从于) targeted marketing.

Food aesthetics can also affect how we look at taste. In one study, when subjects were given sugar water in different 7 of red, they reported that the deep red drinks tasted sweeter than the light red ones. We’ve been programmed to expected certain things from certain colors. Another study showed people had a harder time 8 drink flavors when the drinks did not have the expected colors. We expected what nature has taught us, and even though our food system has changed dramatically in the past several decades, our expectations have yet to 9 up. Food companies can instead use this knowledge to 10 us and make their processed products appear more delicious.

【答案】

1G

2B

3A

4I

5D

6H

7E

8F

9K

10C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。使用色素没有营养价值,但是人们仍然在冒险使用它。文章分析了原因。

1考查语境理解。句意:说到食用色素,我们为什么要先证明这种物质是如何以及为什么会对食用它的人产生负面影响,然后才能禁止食用呢? 证明了实用色素有负面影响之后,才会“禁止”食用它。ban:禁止。故选G

2考查语境理解。句意:但是食用色素没有营养价值。我们为什么要冒这个险? 食用色素没有营养价值,但是人们仍然在冒险使用它。risk:冒险。故选B

3考查语境理解。句意:漂亮的食物是有回报的,因为食物美学非常重要。漂亮的食物有所回报,这表明食物美学很重要。matter:重要。故选A

4考查语境理解。句意:几千年来,我们一直依靠视觉线索来确定什么是可以食用的、有营养的、安全的食物。根据下一句可知,人们根据食物的颜色来判断事物。根据常识,人们通过视觉来判断颜色。visual:视觉的。故选I

5考查语境理解。句意:颜色表示食物已经成熟或含有健康成分。上一句提到,人们一直以颜色来判断食物是否安全健康。由此可知,颜色表示出食物成熟与否,是否健康。signal:表示。故选D

6考查语境理解。句意:由于进化的背景,对食品制造商来说,颜色就是金钱。上文提到几千年以来,人们一直根据颜色判断食物。这属于“进化方面的背景”。evolutionary:进化的。故选H

7考查语境理解。句意:在一项研究中,当受试者被给予不同深浅红色的糖水时,他们报告说深红色的饮料比浅红色的饮料更甜。根据后面的deep red drinkslight red drinks可知,该处指不同深浅的红色。shade:浓淡深浅,色度。故选E

8考查语境理解。句意:另一项研究表明,当饮料没有预期的颜色时,人们很难辨别出饮料的味道。identify:辨别,认出。故选F。

9考查语境理解。句意:尽管我们的食物系统在过去的几十年里发生了巨大的变化,但是我们(对食物)的期望仍然没有跟上。catch up:赶上,跟上。故选K。

10考查语境理解。句意:食品公司可以利用这些知识来欺骗我们,让他们的加工产品看起来更美味。trick:欺骗。故选C。

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