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    Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answers to these questions are both Yes. To some extent, our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.
    It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.
    Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We should soon find differences in intelligence developing and this shows that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close touch with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degree of intelligence. (274 words)
    56. In the author’s opinion, how is a man’s intelligence given to him? (No more than 15 words)
    _______________________________________________________________________________
    57. What does the author mean by saying “if we take two unrelated people from the population”? (No more than 10 words)
    _______________________________________________________________________________
    58. What does the example of the twins going to college and to a factory separately reveal? (No more than 10 words)
    _______________________________________________________________________________
    59. Please explain the underlined phrase in English. (No more than 5 words)
    _______________________________________________________________________________
    60．What have the research results shown?
    _______________________________________________________________________________

    56. (A man’s intelligence is given) both at birth and through education/the environment.
    57. Choose two different people without any relation/ who have no relationship/are not related.
    58. (It reveals) the effect of environment/education on intelligence.
    (It reveals that) environment/education affect/have influence on intelligence.
    59. Without any aim/purpose/intention; Without choosing intentionally; Without conscious choice
    60. (Sample) Yes. Research results have shown that our intelligence are born with/given at birth and environment plays an important part in its development.
    (该题为开放问题, Yes或No均可,学生作答合情合理即可)
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