Question

【题目】 The negative health effects of sleep shortages during the week can’ t be changed by marathon weekend sleep sessions, according to a new study.

Researchers have long known that routine sleep deprivation(缺乏) can cause weight gain and increase other health risks, including diabetes. But there are still some people who hope that shutting off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects.

The research, published in Current Biology, ruins those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep in and nap during a weekend recovery period, participants in a sleep laboratory who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced metabolic disruption(代谢紊乱) that would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term. While weekend recovery sleep had some benefits after a single week of insufficient sleep, those gains were wiped out when people returned right to their same sleep schedule the next Monday.

“If there are benefits of catch-up sleep, they’ re gone when you go back to your routine. It’ s very short-lived,” said Kenneth Wright, who oversaw the research. “These health effects are long-term. It’ s kind of like smoking once was—people would smoke and wouldn’ t see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think sleep is in the early phase of where smoking used to be.”

Wright said that the study suggests people should prioritize sleep—cutting out the optional “sleep stealers” such as watching television shows or spending time on electronic devices. Even when people don’t have a choice about losing sleep due to child-care responsibilities or job schedules, they should think about prioritizing sleep in the same way they would think about a healthy diet or exercise.

【1】What had the researchers already known before doing the new research?

A. The actual benefits of weekend recovery sleep.

B. Harm to health caused by the lack of routine sleep.

C. People’ s habit of shutting off the alarm during holidays.

D. The relationship between body weight and sleep amount.

【2】Kenneth Wright mentioned smoking to _________.

A. call on smokers to completely abandon smoking

B. advise people to go to sleep when they want to smoke

C. show people have known the harm brought by smoking

D. show people will someday notice the bad effects of sleep deprivation

【3】What does the underlined word “prioritize” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A. Putting tasks in order of importance.

B. Getting more than enough of something to deposit it.

C. Cutting down something that is not necessary any more.

D. Treating something as being more important than others.

【4】What can be the best title for the text?

A. Weekend catch-up sleep is a lie.

B. Bad sleep habits are harmful to health.

C. Smoking is not the worst thing to health.

D. A new study has an unexpected discovery.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】D

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章提到，根据一项新的研究马拉松式的周末睡眠无法改变一周中睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。研究者发现平常睡眠的缺乏可能会导致一系列身体问题，如肥胖、糖尿症。研究发现每周只睡五小时的实验者在两周长了3磅并引起了代谢紊乱。虽然在周末恢复睡眠能有一定的好处，但工作日时如果又回到相同的睡眠时间，这些好处就会化为乌有。研究者表示，人们日常生活中要优先保证睡眠以保证身体健康。

【1】细节理解题。文中第二段第一句提到“Researchers have long known that routine sleep deprivation(缺乏) can cause weight gain and increase other health risks, including diabetes.”研究者在做新研究之前就已经知道睡眠的缺乏会导致肥胖、糖尿病等健康危机。have long known意为早就知道，即在研究前就知道。故B项正确。

【2】推理判断题。文中第四段第一句提到“…It’ s very short-lived”，短暂睡眠的益处是非常短暂的，同时提到“It’ s kind of like smoking once was—people would smoke and wouldn’t see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice.”之前人们抽烟时并不理会当下抽烟对于健康的影响。但现在的人们会说抽烟不是一个健康的生活方式。此处将抽烟与睡眠缺乏做类比。故D项正确。

【3】词义猜测题。文中最后一段第一句中出现破折号，破折号的用法为解释说明前面某词的含义。文中提到“cutting out the optional “sleep stealers” such as watching television”，cut out意为停止，停止“睡眠小偷”对睡眠的影响，即保证睡眠。Prioritize意为“优先处理”，在文章中意为优先保证睡眠。故选D。

【4】主旨大意题。文章第一段提到“马拉松式周末睡眠期无法改变一周睡眠短缺对健康的负面影响，”开篇即点题，但并不没有提到unexpected出乎意料的，故D项错误。第二段第一句中提到，研究员很早之前就知道睡眠不足对健康的危害，但在其他段落没有继续陈述其危害故B项错误。C项中smoking只是在倒数第二段中作为例子进行类比，故C项错误。故选A。