精英家教网 > 高中英语 > 题目详情

But what is teacher quality? How can one measure it reliably?

An analysis is issued on a sample of data from a Texas school district. Experts argue convincingly that teacher effectiveness should be measured by students’ gains on standardized tests: Mr. Smith is probably a better teacher than Ms. Brown if his students consistently improve their test scores more than hers do.

Though this approach is appealing, there are tricky issues. For example, what if Ms. Brown teaches in a school where students score so high there is little room for improvement?

The authors try to correct for this problem, as well as other sorts of measurement issues, to generate a measurement of teacher effectiveness. The paper is primarily concerned with how this measure is related to other observable characteristics.

The first finding is that there is a large variation in teacher effectiveness: some teachers consistently have a larger impact on their students’ achievement than others.

Second, easily observable characteristics like having a master’s degree or a passing score on the teacher certification exam are not correlated关联 with teacher effectiveness.

Then what does matter? The most important single influence is experience: first-year teachers are much less effective than others. The second year is significantly better, and by the fourth year, most teachers hit their stride.

It is not entirely clear whether this experience effect is learning by doing (the more you teach, the more effective you become) or survival of the fittest (those who are not good at teaching tend to drop out early.)

From my reading of the paper, both effects appear important and there is no simple answer. The data do suggest, however, that teacher effectiveness is pretty clear by the end of the second year, so the information to make an informed decision is available at that time.

The authors also investigate the contentious 有争议的issue of racial matching of students and teachers. Here they find strong evidence that minority teachers tend to be more effective with minority students. Again, it is unclear whether this is because of a role model effect (students respond better to a teacher of their own race) or an empathy effect 移情效应(teachers empathize better with students of their own race) or something else entirely.

The authors also look at teacher mobility. There is some evidence that teachers who quit teaching or switch schools tend to be below average in effectiveness. This is consistent with the survival-of-the-fittest model.

1.The schoolmaster could decide wisely whether to further employ the teacher by the end of the ______.

A. the first year          B. the second year             C. the third year        D. the fourth year

2.The phrase “hit their stride” most probably means “______”.

A. reach their normal level                                    B. become confident

C. walk with long steps                                            D. get bored

3.The author of this passage holds the view that ______.

A. teachers will perform better with time passing

B. ineffective teachers should leave earlier rather than later

C. teacher’s effectiveness is apparent after a couple of years

D. a master’s degree will improve teacher’s effectiveness

4.Why do black teachers tend to be more effective with black students?

A. Students fell secure, so they respond better.

B. Teachers sympathize with students of their own race.

C. There are entirely some other identified reasons.

D. The reasons are far from clear and definite.

5.Which of the following may serve as the best title?

A. The Quality of Teaching

B. Impact of Teacher Quality on Student Learning

C. Different Sorts of Measurement Issues

D. Survival-of-the-fittest Model vs. Learning-by-doing Model

 

【答案】

 

1.D

2.B

3.A

4.D

5.C

【解析】

试题分析:本文是一份关于教师教学效果的衡量和影响因素的分析报告。在报告中,专家们认为学生在考试中的得分应该作为教师教学效果的衡量标准。而且还提到了教学经验在教学中的影响以及教学中的移情效应等。

1.D推理判断题。根据文中first-year teachers are much less effective than others. The second year is significantly better, and by the fourth year, most teachers hit their stride.可知教师的教学经验是逐年增长的,到了毕业后第四年的时候大多数都有了足够的经验,由此推断得知D选项正确。明智的校长在第四年底再决定是否继续聘用该教师。

2.B推理判断题。根据文中first-year teachers are much less effective than others. The second year is significantly better,可知随着教龄的增长,教学经验也在增长,经验多了,老师的自信也更强了,由此推断B为正确选项。

3.A 推理判断题。根据文中From my reading of 。。。The data do suggest, that teacher effectiveness is pretty clear by the end of the second year,可知教师的表现和教学效果会随着时间的过去而变得更好。

4.D细节理解题。由文中。。。 it is unclear whether this is because of a role model effect  or an empathy effect可知D选项正确、

5.C主旨大意题。文章开头提出教学效果的衡量标准,然后围绕此话题展开叙述,由此可知文章中心是教学效果的衡量标准和影响因素,所以正确选项为C。

考点:考查教育类短文阅读。

 

练习册系列答案
相关习题

科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:阅读理解

 

It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the list of topics (题目) , "The Art of Eating Spaghetti (意大利面条)" caught my eye. The word" spaghetti" brought back the  36   of an evening at Uncle Allen's in Belleville   37   all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat   38 spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was an exotic (外来的) treat in   39    days. Never had I eaten spaghetti, and  40   of the grown-ups had enough experience to be   41   it. What laughing  42  we had about the  43  respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth.   44    , I wanted to write about that, but I wanted to   45   it down simply for my own   46   , not for Mr. Fleagle, my composition teacher.  47   , I would write something else.

When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no   48   left to write a proper com position for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to   49    my work. Two days pas­sed before Mr. Fleagle returned the  50    papers. He said, "Now, class, I want to read you a composition, 'The Art of Eating Spaghetti’. "

My words! He was reading my words out   51  to the whole class.  52  laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show   53   , but what I was feeling was pure happiness,   54  my words had the power to make people  __55  .

   

36. A. memory

B. thought

C. knowledge

D. experience

37. A. when

B. where

 C. since

D. after

38. A. cooked

B. served

C. got

D. made

39. A. their

B. past

 C. last

D. those

40. A. none

B. one

 C. some

D. neither

41. A. careful about

B. good at

C. fond of

D. interested in

42. A. speeches

 B. lessons

C. sayings

D. arguments

43. A. nearly

B. naturally

C. officially

D. socially

44. A. Especially

B. Probably

C. Suddenly

 D. Fortunately

45. A. settle

B. put

 C. take

D. let

46. A. work

B. story

C. luck

D. joy

47. A. However

B. Therefore

C. As for him

D. Except for that

48. A. time

B. excuse

C. way

D. idea

49. A. give up

B. continue

C. hand in

 D. delay

50. A. written

B. graded

C. collected

D. signed

51. A. loud

B. fast

 C. publicly

D. calmly

52. A. People

B. Nobody

C. Somebody

D. I

53. A. shock

B. wonder

C. worry

 D. pleasure

54. A. if

B. for

 C. while

D. although

55. A. excited

B. satisfied

C. think

 D. laugh

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英语 来源:2011-2012学年福建厦门大学附属科技中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷 题型:阅读理解

Jason
What I like best is seeing Arsenal win and playing football. If I am feeling sad I will play a football game on my Play Station 2. The best day I have ever had was when I finished first in the 800-metre race at my secondary school. It was a school record, although I didn’t know that at the time. My family makes me happy, too.
Antonio
My little sister makes me sad because she always tells tales on me to my mum. If I am having a bad day, food cheers me up. I like chili con carne and sweet chili crisps. It makes me happy because I want to be big and have lots of energy.
Usman
I haven’t done anything very exciting in my life but one of my best achievements is that I got a good report from my school this year, because last year I got a bad one. People on TV make me laugh, particularly Eddie Murphy. If I am having a bad day I watch Basil Brush. I am good at making other people happy. I just talk and my friends start laughing — they think I am silly.
Ashleigh
If I’m having a bad day, knowing that someone is there for me can make me happy. I wouldn’t say I’m the best at making other people happy, but I know that just being a good friend to other people is important. The things I like doing are singing, dancing, hanging out with my friends and just being lively and funny.
Kinzey
The most exciting thing I have ever done in my life was when I went abseiling in Wales. But that was a one-off. The things I do all the time are playing football, watching movies and going places with my friends. I know it sounds bad, but what I find funny is when people hurt themselves. If I am having a bad day and I see someone having a worse day than me, that makes me feel better.
【小题1】 Food is very important for _________ when he has a bad day.

A.KinzeyB.AshleighC.AntonioD.Usman
【小题2】________ like playing football.
A.Jason and AshleighB.Jason and Usman
C.Kinzey and Usman D.Kinzey and Jason
【小题3】Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Kinzey finds it bad when people hurt themselves.
B.Jason knew he had set a new school record when he finished first in the 800-metre race.
C.When Usman talks, his friends start laughing because they think he is humorous.
D.Antonio likes food because he wants to be big and have lots of energy.
【小题4】Ashleigh mentions all the following things EXCEPT(除外)_________.
A.to make other people happy
B.to play football with friends
C.to hang out with friends
D.to be lively and funny
【小题5】The passage is mainly about _________.
A.what makes different people happy
B.what makes different people feel moved
C.relationships between different people
D.what different people think success is

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英语 来源:2016届河南师大附中高一上学期期中考试英语试卷(解析版) 题型:阅读理解

About seven years ago, whenever I notice someone looked nice, I started telling them they looked nice. Shortly afterwards, I came up with an observation: If you tell five people during the day that they look nice, at the end of the day, six people feel great. Here are some fruitful experiences I have with this.

One day, I was riding with a friend when we rolled to a stop at the traffic light. As we waited for the light to turn green, a man walked across the crosswalk. He looked very together, so I called out, “Hey, you look sharp today!” Pointing towards a building, he said, “Thanks, but I was sharper there.” His comment puzzled me. But before I could ask about it, the light turned green, and we drove on. I asked my friend what he meant. My friend informed me that we were at the corner of a radio station and the man was the voice on the radio. Then I understood. But no matter who he was the biggest thing for me was that he was smiling when he accepted my compliment (赞扬).

Later that day, there was a woman standing on the corner where we were turning, and I yelled (大喊) the compliment again, “You look nice!” She was just taking a sip of a bottle of water and started to laugh. I felt good to get a laugh.

Another day, while seated in a restaurant, there was a lady sitting near me. I really did not care for her skirt, but she did look nice in it, so I told her, “You look nice today.” She looked at me and rolled her eyes a little. Well, her friend sitting next to her told her, “He just gave you a compliment. Say thank you.” I don’t remember whether she said “thank you” or not, but what I did notice was that her friend was smiling at my “You look nice today” compliment.

1.The underlined word “sharp” in Paragraph 2 probably means_________.

A. attractive                                  B. sudden

C. strict                                         D. mild

2.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A. The first man the author praised accepted his compliment.

B. The first man the author praised worked at a radio station.

C. The woman standing on the corner didn’t like the compliment

D. The friend of the lady in the restaurant felt happy about the compliment.

3.What would be the best title of the passage?

A. Fruitful Experiences

B. Help Others, Help Yourself

C. Learn to compliment.

D. “You Look Nice Today”

 

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英语 来源:2011-2012学年浙江省宁波市高三“十校联考”考试英语试题 题型:阅读理解

Australia---The vote for euthanasia(安乐死)was finally taken at 3:45 this morning. After six months’ argument and final 16 hours’ hot debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The bill was passed by the vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, the director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on through the group’s on-line service, Death NET. Hofsess says, “We posted it all day long, because this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.”

The full import may take a while to understand. The NT Rights of the Terminally III law has left physicians and citizens trying to deal with its moral and practical meaning. Some have breathed sighs of relief, but others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste(匆忙,急忙) of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia — where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part — other states are going to consider making a similar law to for euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes(多米诺骨牌) to start falling.

Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death — probably by a deadly injection or pill — to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as incurably ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin man suffering from lung cancer, the law means he can get on with living without the fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.

1.According to the text ,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Australia now is the only country in the world to pass the law of euthanasia.

B. All people in Australia don’t have the same positive attitude to euthanasia.

C. Many patients will ask their doctors for euthanasia because they are afraid of death.

D. According to the law, if a patient requests death, his or her wish will be met after 48 hours.

2.The underlined sentence in Para 2, “observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.” means that observers are waiting to see ___________.

A. the result of the game of dominoes.

B. that people’s attitude to euthanasia will be changed.

C. that the bill about euthanasia in Australia will come to an end.

D. the similar bills will be passed in other countries.

3.Australia was the first country to pass the bill of euthanasia, but not USA or Canada. Which one is NOT the reason ?

A. In Australia, the technology of extending life is advanced.

B. In Australia, it is easy to deal with the moral and practical meaning.

C. In Australia, old people take up great part in the population of the whole country.

D. Australians gradually realize suffering from a terrible disease is worse than immediate death.

4.It can be inferred from the text that _____________.

A. when Lloyd Nickson dies, he will face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia.

B. physicians and citizens in Australia share the same view on euthanasia.

C. other countries are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.

D. under the bill, patients requesting death are sure to be injected by deadly medicine.

5.What’s the author’s attitude to euthanasia?

A. Negative        B. Critical          C. Positive        D. Doubtful

 

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英语 来源:2014届福建厦门大学附属科技中学高一上学期期中考试英语试题 题型:阅读理解

Jason

What I like best is seeing Arsenal win and playing football. If I am feeling sad I will play a football game on my Play Station 2. The best day I have ever had was when I finished first in the 800-metre race at my secondary school. It was a school record, although I didn’t know that at the time. My family makes me happy, too.

Antonio

My little sister makes me sad because she always tells tales on me to my mum. If I am having a bad day, food cheers me up. I like chili con carne and sweet chili crisps. It makes me happy because I want to be big and have lots of energy.

Usman

I haven’t done anything very exciting in my life but one of my best achievements is that I got a good report from my school this year, because last year I got a bad one. People on TV make me laugh, particularly Eddie Murphy. If I am having a bad day I watch Basil Brush. I am good at making other people happy. I just talk and my friends start laughing — they think I am silly.

Ashleigh

If I’m having a bad day, knowing that someone is there for me can make me happy. I wouldn’t say I’m the best at making other people happy, but I know that just being a good friend to other people is important. The things I like doing are singing, dancing, hanging out with my friends and just being lively and funny.

Kinzey

The most exciting thing I have ever done in my life was when I went abseiling in Wales. But that was a one-off. The things I do all the time are playing football, watching movies and going places with my friends. I know it sounds bad, but what I find funny is when people hurt themselves. If I am having a bad day and I see someone having a worse day than me, that makes me feel better.

1. Food is very important for _________ when he has a bad day.

A. Kinzey  B. Ashleigh     C. Antonio    D. Usman

2.________ like playing football.

A. Jason and Ashleigh       B. Jason and Usman

C. Kinzey and Usman    D. Kinzey and Jason

3.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Kinzey finds it bad when people hurt themselves.

B. Jason knew he had set a new school record when he finished first in the 800-metre race.

C. When Usman talks, his friends start laughing because they think he is humorous.

D. Antonio likes food because he wants to be big and have lots of energy.

4.Ashleigh mentions all the following things EXCEPT(除外)_________.

A. to make other people happy      

B. to play football with friends   

C. to hang out with friends        

D. to be lively and funny

5.The passage is mainly about _________.

A. what makes different people happy

B. what makes different people feel moved

C. relationships between different people

D. what different people think success is

 

查看答案和解析>>

同步练习册答案