11.Make Up Your Mind to Succeed
Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure.The generation born between 1980and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because"everyone's a winner."And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before.As a result,Stanford University professor Carol Dweck,PhD,calls them"the overpraised generation."
Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40years.Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it.Here's how they work:
A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic-you're a born artist,point guard,or numbers person.The fixed mind-set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame.When things get difficult,it's quick to blame,lie,and even stay away from future difficulties.
On the other hand,a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible.Because the ego (自尊) isn't on the line as much,the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame.When faced with a difficulty,it's quick to rethink,change and try again.In fact,it enjoys this experience.
We are all born with growth mind-sets.(Otherwise,we wouldn't be able to live in the world.) But parents,teachers,and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise.Dweck's book,Mind-set:The New Psychology of Success,and online instructional program explain this in depth.But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children,grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.
57.What does the author think about the present generation?D
A.They don't do well at school.
B.They are often misunderstood.
C.They are eager to win in sports.
D.They are given too much praise.
58.A fixed mind-set person is probably one whoA.
A.doesn't want to work hard
B.cares a lot about personal safety
C.cannot share his ideas with others
D.can succeed with the help of teachers
59.What does the growth mind-set believe?D
A.Admitting failure is shameful.
B.Talent comes with one's birth.
C.Scores should be highly valued.
D.Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.
60.What should parents do for their children based on Dweck's study?A
A.Encourage them to learn from failures.
B.Prevent them from making mistakes.
C.Guide them in doing little things.
D.Help them grow with praise.
分析 本文是一篇科学调查报告.斯坦福大学教授Dweck经过40年的调查研究认为人们对待失败有两种不同的思维模式,这两种思维模式对我们如何对待失败有很大的影响.第一种是有固定思维模式的人,他们认为才能是天生的,成功不需要努力而失败是耻辱.他们逃避未来的困难.第二种是具有成长思维模式的人,他们认为才能不是天生的,努力和学习使一切成为可能.向失败学习并把它看作成长的经历.
解答 57.D 细节理解题.根据第一段中的"professor Carol Dweck,PhD,calls them"the overpraised generation.""可知,他们被表扬的太多了.故选D.
58.A 推理判断题.根据文章第三段中的"The fixed mind-set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame."可知,他相信成功但不想付出努力.
59.D 推理判断题.根据文章第四段中的"the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame.When faced with a difficulty,it's quick to rethink,change and try again.In fact,it enjoys this experience."可知D正确.
60.A. 根据文章的最后一句"But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children,grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure."可知A正确.
点评 解答细节理解题时,一个常用的方法就是运用定位法,即根据题干和选项中的关键词从原文中找到相关的句子,与选项进行比较从而确定答案;推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思,又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断,力求从作者的角度去考虑,不要固守自己的看法或观点.