When we say older people shrink, we don’t mean they become tiny enough to fit in your pocket! We just mean that it’s common for older people to become a little shorter over time. This kind of shrinking can’t be reversed, although people can slow or stop this process. But why does shrinking happen at all?
Because of gravity (that force that keeps your feet on the ground) , cushions between the bones in the spine (脊骨), get compressed (压缩), which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter.
Another reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis (骨质疏松). Osteoporosis occurs when bone is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it’s not being replaced. Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured.
Older people — especially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with — are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis can get small breaks in bones that are called compression fractures. These breaks cause collapse of the spine and over time the person with osteoporosis can become hunched over (驼背).
Did you know that every day you shrink a little, too? You aren’t as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. That’s because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter. Don’t worry, though. Once you get a good night’s rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, you’re standing tall again!
Smoking and drinking alcohol can make this problem worse. Want to do something right now to build strong bones? I believe what I say will help you.
1.Which of the following statements is true?
A．For shrinking, people can do nothing about it.
B．If someone is injured, he will become shorter.
C．Women have smaller and lighter bones than men.
D．We aren’t as tall at the end of the day as we are at the beginning.
2.What should we do if we don’t want to shrink faster?
A．We should try to reduce gravity.
B．We should be careful not to be hurt by others.
C．We should sleep as long as possible.
D．We should keep away from smoking and drinking alcohol.
3.What is the topic of the passage?
A．How can we stop shrinking?
B．Why do we shrink?
C．Some tips on how to keep tall.
D．How to live a healthy life.
4.About osteoporosis we know that _______.
A．gravity is one of the causes of osteoporosis
B．once our bone is broken down, osteoporosis will occur
C．women are more likely to develop osteoporosis
D．if we develop osteoporosis, we are more likely to be shorter
5.What will the author talk about in the paragraph to be followed?
A．Tell us how to grow taller.
B．Tell us how to become healthier.
C．Tell us how to avoid being shrinking.
D．Tell us what to do to have strong bones.
1.D
2.D
3.B
4.D
5.D
【解析】
试题分析：本文主要阐述了人变矮的现象，分析了人变矮的原因，原来是因为我们的骨头发生了变化，如骨质疏松等。
1.D 细节题。根据文章倒数第二段第二句You aren’t as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning.可知人在早晨要比晚上要更高，故D正确。
2.D 推理题。根据文章最后一段Smoking and drinking alcohol can make this problem worse. Want to do something right now to build strong bones? I believe what I say will help you.
可知抽烟和喝酒会让情况更严重，那么如果你不想变矮，那么你就不要抽烟和喝酒。故D正确。
3.B 主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段最后一句But why does shrinking happen at all?
可知本文讲述的主要是为什么人会收缩，变矮？故B正确。
4.D 细节题。根据文章第三段第一句Another reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis (骨质疏松).可知骨质疏松也是人变矮的原因之一，也就是书如果一个人患了骨质疏松，那么他也可能变矮。故D正确。
5.D 推理题。本文主要分析了人变矮的原因，原来是因为我们的骨头发生了变化，如骨质疏松等。接下来应该具体说明我们如何让自己的骨头变得更为坚固。故D正确。
考点：考察科普说明文阅读
点评：本文主要阐述了人变矮的现象，分析了人变矮的原因。本文以细节题的考查为主，细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。
阅读快车系列答案科目：高中英语 来源：2013届湖北省八市高三3月联考英语试卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
The homeless dog, known as Xiao Sa, has been following a team of cyclists for 24 days along 1,833 kilometers of highway from Kangding, Sichuan province, to Lhasa in Tibet.
Nobody knows where the white dog came from or how long she has been straying on highway G318. Netizens call her the "dog with determination" and the micro blog "Go Go Xiao Sa" recording her life has attracted more than 37,000 followers in two weeks.
A picture of Xiao Sa in the arms of a young man in front of the Potala Palace on Thursday night drew more than 4,000 comments congratulating the small dog and expressing dreams of going to Lhasa.
The young man in the picture is Zhang Heng, 22, a student in Wuhan, Hubei province. As his graduation trip, he decided to face the challenge of riding to Lhasa alone. On the way he met a lonely dog. "She was lying, tired, on the street around Yajiang, Sichuan province," he said. "So we fed her, and then she followed our team.”
"We felt she might want to come along with us, so we decided to bring her along to the end." A week later, Zhang and his buddies opened a micro blog account for her. "We thought the dog was encouraging us, and wanted others to know its story," he said. They created the name Xiao Sa by combining xiao meaning "little" with the last syllable of Lhasa.
During their journey, Xiao Sa, Zhang and his team covered more than 1,700 kilometers and climbed 10 mountains higher than 4,000 meters. Xiao Sa just ran up the mountains or along dirt roads.
"Many people stopped cycling in some sections, then took the bus, but the dog made it," he said. Zhang put the dog on the back of the bike when the team was riding downhill. "The speed can reach 70 kilometers per hour, impossible for the dog to catch us."
Zhang Heng, who accompanied Xiao Sa for 20 days, called her "a buddy and a friend". "I would like to take the dog home and take care of her. She has been a stray on the road for a long time. She needs a home."
【小题1】How did the netizens feel when they read the micro blog related to the dog?
| A．inspired | B．sympathetic | C．pitiful | D．unbelievable |
| A．the dog is very cute and friendly |
| B．the dog encouraged them and they wanted more people to know its story |
| C．it is the first dog to travel to Lhasa |
| D．They had nothing else to do on their journey |
| A．The dog had been straying on highway G318 before it met the team of cyclists . |
| B．During their journey, Zhang and his team climbed 10 mountains higher than 4,000 meters . |
| C．The micro blog “Go Go Xiao Sa ”has attracted more than 37,000 followers in two weeks . |
| D．The dog ran alone behind them when the team was riding downhill. |
| A．A Dog with Determination | B．A Micro Blog and a Dog |
| C．Travel to Lhasa with a Dog | D．A Dog Follows a Team |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2012-2013学年湖北省八市高三3月联考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
The homeless dog, known as Xiao Sa, has been following a team of cyclists for 24 days along 1,833 kilometers of highway from Kangding, Sichuan province, to Lhasa in Tibet.
Nobody knows where the white dog came from or how long she has been straying on highway G318. Netizens call her the "dog with determination" and the micro blog "Go Go Xiao Sa" recording her life has attracted more than 37,000 followers in two weeks.
A picture of Xiao Sa in the arms of a young man in front of the Potala Palace on Thursday night drew more than 4,000 comments congratulating the small dog and expressing dreams of going to Lhasa.
The young man in the picture is Zhang Heng, 22, a student in Wuhan, Hubei province. As his graduation trip, he decided to face the challenge of riding to Lhasa alone. On the way he met a lonely dog. "She was lying, tired, on the street around Yajiang, Sichuan province," he said. "So we fed her, and then she followed our team.”
"We felt she might want to come along with us, so we decided to bring her along to the end." A week later, Zhang and his buddies opened a micro blog account for her. "We thought the dog was encouraging us, and wanted others to know its story," he said. They created the name Xiao Sa by combining xiao meaning "little" with the last syllable of Lhasa.
During their journey, Xiao Sa, Zhang and his team covered more than 1,700 kilometers and climbed 10 mountains higher than 4,000 meters. Xiao Sa just ran up the mountains or along dirt roads.
"Many people stopped cycling in some sections, then took the bus, but the dog made it," he said. Zhang put the dog on the back of the bike when the team was riding downhill. "The speed can reach 70 kilometers per hour, impossible for the dog to catch us."
Zhang Heng, who accompanied Xiao Sa for 20 days, called her "a buddy and a friend". "I would like to take the dog home and take care of her. She has been a stray on the road for a long time. She needs a home."
1.How did the netizens feel when they read the micro blog related to the dog?
A．inspired B．sympathetic C．pitiful D．unbelievable
2.Zhang Heng and his team opened a micro blog account for the dog just because __________.
A．the dog is very cute and friendly
B．the dog encouraged them and they wanted more people to know its story
C．it is the first dog to travel to Lhasa
D．They had nothing else to do on their journey
3.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A．The dog had been straying on highway G318 before it met the team of cyclists .
B．During their journey, Zhang and his team climbed 10 mountains higher than 4,000 meters .
C．The micro blog “Go Go Xiao Sa ”has attracted more than 37,000 followers in two weeks .
D．The dog ran alone behind them when the team was riding downhill.
4.Which might be the best title for the passage?
A．A Dog with Determination B．A Micro Blog and a Dog
C．Travel to Lhasa with a Dog D．A Dog Follows a Team
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
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科目：高中英语 来源：2008年高考试题（福建卷）解析版 题型：听力题
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。第段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the ehirt?
A.£ 19.15 B. £ 9.15 C. £ 9.18
答案是B。
1.What is the weather like?
A.It’s raining. B.It’s cloudy. C.It’s sunny.
2.Who will go to China next month?
A.Lucy. B.Alice. C.Ricberd.
3.What are the spenkers talking about?
A.The man’s sister. B.A film. C.An actor.
4.Where will the spenkers meet?
A.In Room 340. B.In Room 314. C.In Room 223.
5.Where does the converaation moet probably take place?
A.In a restaurant. B.In an office. C.At home.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒种，各小题将给出5秒种的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。
6.Why did the woman go to New York?
A.To spend come time with the hahy. B.To look after her sister.
C.To find a new job.
7.How old was the baby when the woman left New York?
A.Two months. B.Five months. C.Seven months.
8.What did the woman like doing mst with the baby?
A.Holding him. B.Playing with him. C.Fceding him.
听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。
9.What are the speaking about?
A.A way to impreve air quality. B.A problem with traffic rules.
C.A suggestion for city planning.
10.What does the man suggest?
A.Limiting the use of cars. B.Encouraging people to-wall.
C.Waming drivers of air pollution.
11.What does the woman think about the man’s idea?
A.It’s interesting. B.It’s worth trying. C.It’s impractical.
听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。
12.How long will the man pmbably stay in New Zealand?
A.One week. B.Two weeks. C.Three weeks.
13.What advice does the woman give to the man ?
A. Go to New Zealand after Christmas. B.Book his flight sa soon sa possible.
B. Save more money for his trip.
14.What can we learn about flights to New Zealand at Christmas time?
A.They require early booking. B.They can be twice as expensive.
C. Thay are on special offer.
听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。
15.Why did Jane call Mike?
A.To ask him to meet her. B.To tell him about Tom. C.To burrow his car.
16.Where will Jane be in about one bour?
A.At Mike’s place. B.At the airport. C.At a garage.
17.What can we infer from the conversation?
A. Jane has just learned to drive. B.Jane’s car is in bad condition.
C.Mike will go to the airport.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18.What did the speaker ask the stuents to do the week before?
A.Write a short story. B.Prepare for the lesson. C.Learn more about the writer.
19.Why does the speaker ask the questions?
A. To chesk the students’ understanding of the story.
B. To draw the students’ attention to reading skills.
C. To let the students discuss father-son relationships.
20.What will the students do in 10 minutes?
A. Ask more qucations. B.Discuss in groups. C.Give their anawers.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
For millions of Chinese Internet users, the penguin is more than a flightless bird from the Antarctic. To them it is the symbol of QQ, the instant-messaging service marking its 10th anniversary.
QQ’s creator, Ma Huateng, 38, is a lover of stargazing, and describes himself as a combination of idealist and realist. “ I’m introverted. My friends believed I was too shy to find a girlfriend,” Ma said. He found a girlfriend, now his wife, through chatting online on QQ. Born in Hainan province, Ma loved watching stars and dreamed of becoming an astronomer. He moved to Shenzhen, along with his parents, in southern Guangdong province when he was in his teens. Ma was impressed by the slogan “ Time is money, efficiency is life” found all over the city. It was the most famous slogan born in Shenzhen, representing China’s reform and opening. The pioneering city provided chances for Ma to watch burgeoning reforms. He saw people carry big bags of cash to buy stocks after China launched a capital market in Shenzhen and Shanghai in the late 1980s. When he graduated from Shenzhen University in 1993, Ma designed a stock exchange software system and sold it for 50,000 yuan ($ 7,3000). He then worked as an IT engineer for five years.
It was in 1998 that Ma realized Internet would transform China and the world, and launched his own company, Shenzhen Tencent Inc. A unit of Tencent, Tencent Holdings Ltd, went public on the main board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2004. “ China’s reform and opening provided me with a chance to grow the company,” Ma said. The country had only 3 million Internet users when QQ made its debut in 1999, but now China has around 300 million Internet users, Ma said. Hu Qiheng, chairwomen of the Internet Society of China(ISC), said reform and opening not only improved people’s living standards, but also gave them a chance to explore the outside world and a chance for the Internet to boom in the country.
It was in the late 1990s that China’s major Web portals mushroomed, including Sina, Sohu, 163, Tencent and Alibaba. That boom came to sa sudden halt when the internet bubble burst in 2000. “We were under great pressure when the Internet bubble burst. Things have only recovered since 2005,” Ma said. The IT sector was among the first batch of industries in China to experience zero-tariff treatment, meaning that the nation’s Internet sector had to face challenges from international peers.
QQ, with around 450 million users, provides services such as chatting, music, games and QQ currency-an indispensable currency in china’s virtual community. “ Chinese websites have survived the competition with foreign peers over the past ten years, but it will be the next ten years that decide Chinese Internet enterprises’ fate,” Ma said. Domestic enterprises have to compete with international companies on services, innovation and core technology, he said. One of Ma’s favorite films is March of the Penguins-a French documentary directed by Luc Jacquet. He said: “Penguin is a lovely animal to me. It is a combination of love, courage and adventurism.”
1.Which of the following is true about the founder of QQ?
A．Creating an IT company of his own had always been his dream since childhood.
B．He constantly moved from place to place when he was in his teens.
C．The instant-messaging service he created brought him not only money but also a family.
D．He worked for the Shenzhen Stock Exchange after graduation.
2.China’s reform and opening led to the following results EXCEPT_________.
A．a rise in the living standards of Chinese people
B．an opportunity for IT companies to grow
C．potential industrial competition from other countries
D．a chance for people to invest in overseas stock market
3.Which of the following events did actually take place?
A．QQ suffered from a sudden decrease in the number of users when the Internet bubble burst in 2000.
B．QQ heped China’s Internet take flight.
C．QQ was equipped with the most advanced technology in the world when it made its debut in 1999.
D．QQ went public on the main board of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in the late 1980s.
4.What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Sina and Sohu will develop services like chatting, music and games in order to survive the future international competition.
B．For the sake of domestic enterprises, the tariff needs to be adjusted to a higher value.
C．Ma Huateng views penguin as a lovely animal because it processes the characteristics that he does not.
D．The 50,000 yuan Ma earned from selling the stock exchange software system might be a part of his initial investment in Tencent.
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