Parents who smoke often open a window or turn on a fan to clear the air for their children, but experts now have identified a related threat to children's health that isn't as easy to get rid of: third-hand smoke。
That's the term being 1 to describe the invisible yet poisonous mixture of gases and particles(颗粒) clinging(依附) to smokers' hair and 2 , not to mention cushions and carpeting, that stays long after second-hand smoke has cleared from a room. The remaining 3 heavy metals, carcinogens(致癌物) and even radioactive materials that young children can get on their hands and take in, 4 if they're crawling or playing on the floor。
Doctors from MassGeneral Hospital for Children in Boston coined the term "third-hand smoke" to 5 these chemicals in a new study that 6 on the risks they pose to infants and children. The study was published in the 7 issue of the journal Pediatrics。
"Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is bad, 8 they don't know about this," said Dr. Jonathan P. Winickoff, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School。
"When their kids are 9 the house, they might smoke. Or they smoke in the car. Or they strap(用带子捆扎) the kid in the car seat in the back and crack the window and 10 , and they think it's okay because the second-hand smoke isn't getting to their 11 . We needed a term to describe these tobacco toxins that aren't 12 ."
The study reported on 13 toward smoking in 1,500 households across the United States. It found that the vast majority of both smokers and nonsmokers were 14 that second-hand smoke is harmful to children. Some 95 percent of nonsmokers and 84 percent of smokers 15 with the statement that "inhaling smoke from a parent's cigarette can 16 the health of infants and children"。
But 17 fewer of those surveyed were aware of the 18 of third-hand smoke. Since the term is so new, the researchers asked people if they agreed with the statement that "breathing air in a room 19 where people smoked yesterday can harm the health of infants and children"。
Only 65 percent of nonsmokers and 43 percent of smokers agreed with that 20 , which researchers interpreted as acknowledgement of the risks of third-hand smoke。
( ) 1. A. told B. discussed C. used D. mentioned
( ) 2. A. shoes B. clothing C. body D. mouth
( ) 3. A. includes B. covers C. finds D. improves
( ) 4. A. especially B. specially C. immediately D. regularly
( ) 5. A. name B. call C. explain D. describe
( ) 6. A. focused B. tended C. tried D. worked
( ) 7. A. later B. latest C. best D. previous
( ) 8. A. but B. and C. however D. or
( ) 9. A. alongside B. out of C. in D. beside
( ) 10. A. cough B. talk C. observe D. smoke
( ) 11. A. cars B. seats C. kids D. windows
( ) 12. A. visible B. invisible C. poisonous D. concrete
( ) 13. A. policies B. attitudes C. bans D. habits
( ) 14. A. told B. content C. confident D. aware
( ) 15. A. opposed B. agreed C. fought D. connected
( ) 16. A. harm B. destroy C. improve D. confuse
( ) 17. A. quite B. very C. far D. too
( ) 18. A. chances B. risks C. abilities D. conditions
( ) 19. A. tomorrow B. today C. yesterday D. weekend
( ) 20. A. statement B. mark C. discussion D. Prejudice
1--20 CBAAD ABABD CABDB ACBBA
本文通过一项研究说明了人们陌生而又熟悉的三手烟对儿童的影响。解此完形填空的时候要注意把作者的思路逻辑和生活常识紧密结合,并注重联系上下文的语境逻辑。
1. C 考查动词过去分词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。联系上下文的语境及日常生活中的常识,我们容易推理出这一句的语境是:所谓“三手烟”是用来指房间内的“二手烟”清除许久之后,仍残留在坐垫、地毯甚或吸烟者头发和衣物上看不见的气体和颗粒的有毒混合物。我们不难看出此处应该填上表示被用来之意的动词过去分词,也即是C项,而其余ABD项依次分别所表达的意思是:讲述,讨论,提及,这些词语所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不相吻合,故我们选择C项为最佳答案。
2. B检测名词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。由上一题的分析和日常生活常识:香烟的残留往往存在于人的头发、衣服等等上面,我们不难看出此处应该填上表示衣服之意的名词,而ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是:鞋子,身体,嘴,只有B项有这样的意思,故B项为准确答案。
3. A 检测动词的含义的准确记忆与理解辨析。由上一题的分析,联系上下文的语境,我们容易推理出这一句的语意是:残留物包含重金属、致癌物,甚至辐射物质,它们很容易沾在婴幼儿的手上并被吃到嘴里,尤其是当小孩子在地板上爬或玩耍时。不难看出此处应该填上表示包含包括之意的动词,而BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是:覆盖,发现,改进,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,只有A项(includes:包括)有这样的意思,故A项为准确答案。
4. A 检测副词的含义的准确记忆与理解。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示尤其之意的副词BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是:专门地,立即,规律地,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,只有A项有这样的意思,并且用在这儿语句通顺合理,故A项为准确答案。
5. D检测动词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。经过分析,语意是:在一项针对这些化学物质对婴幼儿危害的新的研究中,波士顿大众婴幼儿专科医院的医生们创造了“三手烟”这个词来形容它们。不难看出此处应该填上表示形容之意的动词,这四个词中只有D项有这样的意思。而其余ABD项依次分别所表达的意思是:命名,称作,解释,其中,AB两项容易让人上当,但是根据意思和语言逻辑,这是对这种化学物质类进行描述,如果命名的话,其后还得有个名称的词来补充说明,故D项为准确答案。
6. A 检测动词的含义的准确记忆与理解辨析。由上一题的分析我们很容易看出此处应该填上表示针对(也就是以…….为中心)之意的动词,A项就是这样的意思。BCD三项依次分别所表达的意思是:倾向于(和动词不定式搭配),尽力(也和动词不定式搭配),工作,这些词语所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不相契合,语意也通顺,故我们选择A项为最佳答案。
7. B联系上下文的语境,经过分析,语意是:研究结果发表于最近一期的《小儿科》医学期刊上。这四个词中只有B项有最近之意。其余ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是:迟到的,最后的,以前的,很明显放在这儿都不能使句意通顺,故B项为准确答案。
8. A 检测连词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。联系上下文的语境,及日常生活中的常识,经过分析,语意是:每个人都知道二手烟有害,但他们却不知道三手烟的存在,不难看出此处应该填上表示但是之意的连词,这四个词中只有A项(but:但是)有这样的意思,而BD量项依次分别所表达的意思是:和,或者,放在这儿都不能使句意通顺。C项的具有很大的迷惑性,但是它作然而之意讲的时候是个副词,故我们选择A项为最佳答案。
9. B 检测介词的含义的准确记忆与理解。由日常生活中的常识,再联系上下文的语境,经过分析,语意是:只要孩子们在屋外,他们就可以吸烟。由语境我们不难看出此处应该填上表示在……的外面之意的介词,也即是B项,而其余ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是:和……一起,在……的里面,在…….的旁边,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,故B项为准确答案。
10. D 检测动词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。由语境:或者在车上时,把孩子放在后座上,打开车窗,也可以吸烟。联系全文的语境,我们知道此处应该填上表示吸烟之意的动词,ABC项依次分别所表达的意思是:咳嗽,谈话,饮料,这些词语所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不相契合,故我们选择D项为最佳答案。
11. C 检测名词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。联系上下文的语境,经过分析这一句的语意:他们认为这样就没有问题了,因为毕竟小孩子没吸到二手烟,我们不难看出此处应该填上表示孩子之意的名词,而ABD项依次分别所表达的意思是:轿车,座位,窗户,很明显放在这儿都不能使句意通顺流畅,这四个词中只有C项(kids:小孩子)有这样的意思,故我们选择C项为最佳答案。
12. A 检测形容词的含义的准确记忆与理解。由上一题的分析,联系上下文的语境,我们不难看出此处语意是:而我们需要一个术语来描述这些看不见的香烟毒素。经过分析,此句是个否定句,应该填上表示看得见的之意的形容词,这四个词中只有A项(visible)有这样的意思,而其余BCD三项依次分别所表达的意思是:看不见,有毒的,具体的,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,故A项为准确答案。
13. B 检测名词的含义辨析及语言逻辑的准确理解和应用。由语境:该研究报告了全美1500个家庭对待吸烟的态度,我们不难看出此处应该填上表示态度之意的名词,也即是B项,其余ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是:策略,禁止,习惯,很明显放在这儿都不能使句意通顺,故B项为准确答案。
14. D 检测形容词的含义的准确记忆与理解。联系上下文的语境,由上一题的分析,我们容易推理出这一句的语境是:发现绝大多数受访者(烟民与非烟民)都明白二手烟损害儿童健康。很清楚,此处应该填上表示明白清楚之意的形容词,而其余ABC项依次分别所表达的意思是:被告诉,满意的,自信的,这些词语所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不相契合,而D项的意思是:清楚,明了,有着清醒认识的,故我们选择D项为最佳答案。
15. B 考查动词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确理解和应用。联系上下文的语境,经过分析,语意是:大约95%的不吸烟者和84%的吸烟者都同意“婴幼儿吸入父母的二手烟可能致病”的论断。因此,此处应该填上表示同意之意的动词,而ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是:反对,斗争,连接,这些词语所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不相适合,故我们选择B项(agreed:同意)为最佳答案。
16. A 检测动词的含义的准确记忆与理解。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示致病之意的动词,致病就是对健康有害,也就是A项和health搭配之后的意思,而其余BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是:毁坏,改进,使……混乱,B项具有很大的迷惑性,但吸三手烟不至于把身体的健康给毁了,CD两项所表示的意思很明显放在这儿都不能使句意通顺,故我们选择A项为最佳答案。
17. C 检测副词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。联系全文的语境,及日常生活中的常识,我们容易推理出这一句的语境是:但受访者中却很少有人知道三手烟的危害。经过分析,我们不难看出此处应该填上表示很相、当之意的副词来修饰形容词的比较级fewer,这四个词中只有C项有这样的意思,并且用来修饰形容词的比较级,然后用来代指人,而其余ABD项依次分别所表达的意思是:相当,很,太,并且不用来修饰形容词的比较级,故C项为准确答案。
18. B 检测名词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示危害之意的名词,这四个词中只B项(risks:冒险,危害)有这样的意思,而其余ABD项依次分别所表达的意思是:几率,能力,条件,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,故B项为准确答案。
19. B 检测名词的含义的准确记忆与理解。联系上下文的语境,经过分析,语意是:因为这个名称过于新颖,所以调查者换了种说法,提问人们是否同意“昨天有人抽过烟的屋子里的空气今天或现在会对婴幼儿产生危害”的论断。我们不难看出此处应该表示今天和昨天相比,所以填上B项(today:今天),其余ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是:明天,昨天,周末,很明显放在这儿都不能使句意通顺,故B项为准确答案。
20. A 检测名词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。经过分析,语意是:只有65%的非烟民和43%的烟民认同该说法。研究者以此作为公众承认三手烟危害的证据。我们容易推理出此处应该填上表示说法、论述之意的名词,这四个词中只有A项有这样的意思,而其余BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是:标记,讨论,偏见,这些词语所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不相契合,也不通顺,故我们选择A项为最佳答案。
科目:高中英语 来源:江西省六校2012届高三第一次联考英语试题 题型:001
听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节:(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有1个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How mony is the shirt?
A.$19.15
B.$9.15
C.$9.18
答案是B
1.What dose the man like about the play?
A.The story
B.The ending
C.The actor
2.Which place are the speakers trying to find?
A.A hotel.
B.A bank
C.A restaurant.
3.At what time will the two speakers meet?
A.5∶20.
B.5∶10.
C.4∶40.
4.What will the man do?
A.Change the plan
B.Wait for a phone call.
C.Sort things out.
5.What does the woman want to do?
A.See a film with the man.
B.Offer the man some help.
C.listen to some great music.
第二节(共15小题:每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话,每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间,每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.Where is Ben?
A.In the kitchen
B.At school
C.In the park
7.What will the children do in the afternoon?
A.Help set the table.
B.Have a party
C.Do.their homework.
听第7段材料,回答8、9题。
8.What are the two speakers talking about?
A.A family holiday
B.A business trip
C.A travel plan
9.where did Rachel go?
A.Spain
B.Italy
C.China
听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
10.How did the woman get to know about third-hand smoke?
A.From young smokers
B.From a newspaper article
C.From a smoking parents
11.Why does the man say that he should keep away from babies?
A.He has just become a father
B.He wears dirty clothes
C.He is a smoker
12.What does the woman suggest smoking parents should do?
A.Stop smoking altogether
B.Smoke only outside their houses
C.Reduce dangerous matter in cigarettes
听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
13.Where does Michelle Ray come from?
A.A middle-sizedcity
B.A small town
C.A big city
14.Which place would Michele Ray take her visitors to for shopping?
A.The Zen Garden
B.The Highlands.
C.TheRed River area.
15.What does Michelle Ray do for complete quiet?
A.Go camping
B.Study in a library.
C.Read at home.
16.What are the speakers talking about in general?
A.Late-night shopping.
B.Asian food.
C.Louisville.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17.Why do some people say they never have dreams according to Dr Garfield?
A.They forget about their dreams.
B.Thy don't want to tell the truth.
C.They have no bad experiences.
18.Why did Davis stop having dreams?
A.He got a serious heart attack.
B.He was too sad about his brother's death
C.He was frightened by a terrible dream.
19.Wh at is Dr Garfield's opinion about dreaming?
A.It is very useful.
B.It makes things worse.
C.It prevents the mind from working.
20.Why do some people turn off their dreams completely?
A.To sleep better
B.To recover from illnesses.
C.To stay away from their problems.
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