For years, the automobile industry has been testing vehicles that use hydrogen as fuel. Now, people across the United States have had a chance to see and even drive cars that get power from hydrogen fuel cells (燃料电池).
But the hydrogen fuel cell is not a new idea. The fuel cell was first invented by Sir William Grove of Britain in 1839. Since then, many different designs, have been invented. There is one place where fuel cells are a proven technology: in space. The American space agency used fuel cells in its Apollo spaceships in the twentieth century.
The most useful fuel cell for transportation purposes is the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane, or P.E.M. fuel cell. It is simple and can operate at temperatures of sixty to eighty degrees Celsius. That is much lower than other fuel cell designs. A P.E.M. fuel cell has two sides divided by a thin membrane (膜). Hydrogen gas is forced through one side where it comes in contact with a reactive material containing the metal platinum(铂). The membrane separates the electrons(电子) from the protons(质子) in the hydrogen atoms. The protons pass through it to the other side of the fuel cell. But the electrons are captured to do work; like powering a motor. Oxygen from the air is forced into the other side of the fuel cell. There, the gas meets the protons that have passed through the membrane. They combine to form water and heat. A single fuel cell does not produce a lot of electricity. But when many fuel cells are combined, they can produce enough electricity to power a vehicle. The product of the chemical reaction that powers fuel cells is water. This makes fuel cells a very clean technology.
Hydrogen fuel cell cars have been slow to develop because of many technical problems that have to be solved. For example, it is unclear how long the membranes in P.E.M. fuel cells will last. Also, fuel cells need water for their chemical reactions. They must be designed to start easily at low temperatures and in dry climates. And smaller, less costly fuel cells must be designed before they can truly take the place of gasoline engines. Now more models of fuel cell vehicles are being tested than ever before. The threat of climate change and the high cost of oil have increased interest in these vehicles that do not cause pollution.
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Title |
More Models of Hydrogen Cars Being Tested |
|
The progress of hydrogen fuel cell |
·(1) ________ by Sir William Grove in 1839. ·Designed (2) ________ ever since. ·Used in Apollo spaceships in the twentieth century. |
|
Operating principle of P.E.M. |
·It has two sides divided by a thin membrane. ·Hydrogen gas from one side (3) ________ the active metal platinum. ·The electrons are (4) ________ from the protons in the hydrogen atoms. ·The protons pass through the fuel cell to the other side. ·Oxygen from the air is (5) ________ into the other side of the fuel cell. ·The gas meets the protons，and then water and heat are(6) ________ |
|
Reasons for slow (7) ________of hydrogen fuel cell cars |
·There are many technical problems (8) ________ ·The durability of the membranes in P.E.M. fuel cells is not clear. ·They have to start easily at (9)________ temperatures and in dry climates. ·They must be smaller and less costly before (10) ________ gasoline engines. |
科目：高中英语 来源：2010-2011学年重庆市高三10月月考英语卷 题型：阅读理解
A round of applause, please, for the Indian man who recently sang for 80 hours straight, setting a new Guinness world record. It’s an impressive feat, to be sure, but let’s just hope he still has a voice. According to Indian newspapers, Rajesh Burbure has been told to keep silent for several days so his vocal cords (声带) can heal.
It was reported that Burbure and his family are in a celebratory mood. “It’s a proud moment for all of us,” his wife told DNAIndia.com.
I, on the other hand, am unable to share their enthusiasm. Don’t get me wrong: I hope the 35-year-old Burbure lives forever, sells a million records and becomes an international celebrity. But his record–singing for 80 hours straight–is about as meaningful as most of the other curious but crazy feats listed in the Guinness Book of World Records.
Granted , I’m not qualified to speak on the subject. I’ve got no world records to my name– and I never expect to have any. Then again, maybe I am qualified to speak for those of us who have better things to do than train for years to sing an 80-hour medley (混合曲) of pop songs.
But let’s not just pick on poor Burbure. He’s not the only person chasing meaningless accolades. The Guinness Book of World Records is full of the names of people who at one time grew the longest hair, or built the biggest bicycle, or baked the largest cheesecake.
To all of these enterprising (有进取心的) souls I ask, simply, “What was it all for?”
Congratulations! For all of your painstaking effort, you became a footnote in a thick book that no one reads, except for you and the person who will eventually surpass you–with one more hour of singing, a few more centimeters of steel or a few more pounds of cheese.
After all, records are made to be broken.
1.From the text, we can learn that the author .
A．has no Guinness records, so he admires Burbures’ feat
B．feels it is a pity he was not invited to share the happiness with the Burbures
C．thinks singing for 80 hours straight is completely meaningless
D．is quite worried about Burbure’s vocal cords
2.Before someone wins a Guinness record, he or she has to .
A．become an international celebrity
B．know all about Guinness record
C．practice a great deal
D．bear great stress for fear of injury
3.We can infer from the article that .
A．after the 80 hours of singing, Burbure could no longer speak
B．Burbure’ wife didn’t support his attempt to make a Guinness record
C．many have criticized Burbure for his stupid behavior
D．challenging a Guinness record may be harmful to the health
4.The author’s attitude to the Guinness world records mentioned in the passage is .
A．positive B．impressed
C．negative D．touched
5.What is the best title for the passage?
A．What Was the Point?
B．Records Are Made to be Broken
C．A New Indian Guinness Record
D．The Guinness Book Is Boring
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科目：高中英语 来源：2014届浙江省高一上学期期中考试英语试题 题型：单项填空
The general at last got a chance to visit the village _______ he used to fight, _____ he had been dreaming of for years.
A. that/which B. where/that C. in which/what D. where/which
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科目：高中英语 来源：2012届河南省长葛市第三实验高三上学期第二次考试英语试卷 题型：阅读理解
Dior was born in Normandy in 1905, and his family’s original plans for him included a career in the diplomatic service, but by the time he was twenty-three, with his parents’money, he opened a small art gallery in Paris. By 1931, the money had been used up. Dior’s friends in the art gallery, asked him to draw and he took his first step at designing and drawing. His first job was with Lucien Lelong from whom Dior learned his craft（手艺）.
In February,1947, Dior started the New Look in his first major Paris collection. He was backed by a famous textile producer, Boussac, who looked after the dollars, while Dior looked after the fashions. Dior knew nothing about cutting and sewing, but he was good at fashion design.
The New Look started an entirely different look to costume, with a tiny waist, a rounded shoulder and a shapely bust（胸围）, usually with a low-cut neckline and a long full skirt. To women who had lived through the war years, the femaleness of the New look was a great success, for people were tired of tile extremely plain, wartime restrictive fashions.
It is said that dresses by Dior were “constructed like buildings”, but young people were attracted to his design, and all over the western world, manufacturers plunged(投入) into the production of his new style. Dior’s revolutionary designs lighted up a whole cycle of fashion, rounded, gentle, feminine, a delight in elegance. A New Look House of Dior opened in 1948, followed by one in London. Considered as King of Couture（women’s clothing）for years, the Dior empire grew until it covered every country in the western world, and included furs, hosiery, jewelry, perfumes, men’s wear and on and on. More than 1,000 people worked at the Paris headquarters then.
His sudden death in 1957 when he was 53 years old did not stop the growth of the House of Dior. Even now, so many years after his death, his name is closely connected with fashion throughout the world, and indeed is one of the most recognized names in the world, His first, great New Look, with its long skirts was an expression of freedom in the late 1940s.
1. Which of the following designs is close to Dior’s?
A. B. C. D.
2.According to the passage. in Dior’s life, he did NOT___________.
A. make creative fashion designs B. work in a diplomatic service
C. 1earn craft as his first job D. open a New Look House
3. We can infer from the passage that _________.
A. Dior and his supporter had different interests in business
B. Dior’s New Look had little influence on people then
C. Dior is only a brand of women’s fashion
D. Dior’s fashion was not accepted at first
4. What is probably the best title for the passage? .
A. The History of the New Look B. The Growth of the Dior Empire
C. An Expression of Freedom—Dior D.The Founder of the New Look-Dior
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科目：高中英语 来源：2012届度北京一零一中高二第二学段模块英语卷（必修6） 题型：其他题
七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The band that wasn’t
Have you ever wanted to be part of a band as a famous singer or musician? Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music? Do you sing karaoke and pretend you are a famous singer like Song Zuying or Liu Huan? To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous. 1
Many musicians meet and form a band because they like to write and play their own music. They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practising their music in someone's house is the first step to fame. Sometimes they may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to pay for their instruments. 2 Of course they hope to make records in a studio and sell millions of copies to become millionaires!
3 It was called the Monkees and began as a TV show. The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. The TV organizers had planned to find four musicians who could act as well as sing. They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians, but they could only find one who was good enough. They had to use actors for the other three members of the band.
4 So during the broadcasts they just pretended to sing. Anyhow their performances were humorous enough to be copied by other groups. They were so popular that their fans formed clubs in order to get more familiar with them. Each week on TV, the Monkees would play and sing songs written by other musicians. However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band. Then they produced their own records and started touring and playing their own music. 5 . The band broke up about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid-1980s. They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their formal time as a real band.
A. In the USA they became even more popular than the Beatles and sold even more records.
B. The Monkees’ television show stayed on the air for years after the group broke up. .
C. However, there was one band that started in a different way.
D. But just how do people form a band?
E. Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash.
F. Most of us probably have our favorite performers, stars or bands, but many of us also want to discover new sounds and rhythms.
G. As some of these actors could not sing well enough, they had to rely on other musicians to help them.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010年湖南省高二上学期第三次阶段性测试英语卷 题型：单项填空
Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.
A. filling; having hidden B. filled; hidden C. filling; hidden D. filled; hiding
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