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Well before the 15th century, an Anglo-Saxon custom required that a prospective bridegroom break some highly valued personal belonging. Half of the broken token was held by the father of the bride and the other half by the groom. A wealthy man was expected to split a piece of gold or silver.

The earliest engagement rings were also used as wedding rings, serving to seal an act of sale which transformed ownership of a daughter from father to husband. Such rings were usually of solid gold to prove the groom’s worth.

For Roman Catholics, the engagement ring became a required statement of Nuptial intent(结婚意向), as decreed by Pope Nicholas I in 860 A.D. The engagement ring was to be of valued metal, preferably gold, which for the husband-to-be represented a financial sacrifice.

Signifying enduring love, and chosen for its durability, the diamond was chosen for the engagement ring. The diamond’s fire is also associated with “love’s clear flame,” given by Medieval Italians because of their belief that the diamond was created from the flames of love.

The Venetians were the first to discover that the diamond is one of the hardest, most enduring substances in nature, and fine cutting and polishing releases the brilliance. Rarity and cost limited their rapid proliferation(急增) throughout Europe but their intrinsic(内在的) appeal guaranteed them a future. By the 17th century, the diamond ring had become the most sought after statement of European engagement.  

1. Who kept the two halves of the engagement rings before marriage?

   A. The bride’s father and the bridegroom’s mother.

   B. The bride’s mother and the bridegroom.

   C. The bride and the bridegroom.

   D. The bridegroom and the bride’s father,

2. What’s TRUE about the early Anglo-Saxon custom before the 15th century ?

   A. A will-be bridegroom should beat all his valuable belongings.

   B. Every will-be bride should split a piece of gold.

   C. The engagement rings were also used to prove the groom’s worth.

D. A rich bride should break one of her most valuable personal belongs.

3. Pope Nicholas made the engagement ring a required statement of nuptial intent ______.

A. in the 15th century           B. over 1,000 years ago

   C .in the 1860s                D. by the 17th century

4. What kind of engagement ring has been the most popular one in Europe ?

   A. Rings made of gold          B. Rings made of silver

C. Rings made of diamond       D. Rings made of an unknown substance in nature.

 

【答案】

 

 

 D

 C

 B

 C

【解析】

 

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  Galaxy saw a man and a woman who communicated with the sign language at the train station when she was on the way home one evening.She noticed that the woman asked the man for the direction.He told her that he did not know.Galaxy decided to help them.She had learned the sign language when she served as a volunteer in the deaf and mute(聋哑)school.Then she showed the woman the direction and left her email address to them in case they needed her help later.

  She received an email from that man the next day.Kazrim was his name.Galaxy replied his mail sincerely.They both started chatting online soon after and began seeing each other.Although they only communicated with the sign language, it never bothered her.

  Galaxy was fond of him gradually.Obviously, Kazrim was the same too.He presented Galaxy with a bunch of sunflowers and asked her sincerely, “Are you willing to be my girlfriend?” Galaxy was pleasantly surprised.She requested him to give her some time to persuade her parents.

  As she had expected, her parents were very angry after they had learned of their love story.Galaxy explained, “Kazrim is an excellent and a very optimistic person.He has a very positive attitude towards life and work.He cares for others always.He is 100% better than the normal.Moreover, the mute is still a human.He should possess a perfect and wonderful love.”

  Her parents asked to see him, then.The very worried Galaxy took Kazrim home a few days later.When they were on the train, Kazrim told her, ‘‘I'm going to tell your parents I'll be looking after you well with all my life!” Galaxy was deeply moved.

  As soon as they had entered the house, Galaxy introduced him to her parents.She said, ‘‘This is Kazrim.” Just right after her speech, an unbelievable thing happened.Kazrim threw the gift away and held her in his arms tightly.zxxk

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  The four people were shocked all of a sudden.As a matter of fact, Kazrim always believed that Galaxy was a mute and he still fell in love with her deeply.

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How did Galaxy and Kazrim get to know each other?

[  ]

A.

They met each other by chance.

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How did Galaxy probably communicate with Kazrim befor she took him home?

[  ]

A.

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