Question

Surgical teams accidentally leave clamps, sponges and other tools inside about 1,500 patients nationwide each year.
The mistakes largely result not from surgeon tiredness, but from the stress arising from emergencies or complications(并发症) discovered on the operating table, the researchers reported.
The study found that emergency operations are nine times more likely to lead to such mistakes, and operating–room complications requiring a change in procedure are four times more likely.
It also happens more often to fat patients, simply because there is more room inside them to lose equipment, according to the study.
Two–thirds of the mistakes happened even though the equipment was counted before and after the procedure, in keeping with the standard practice.
Most lost objects were sponges, but also included were metal clamps and electrodes(电极). In two cases, 11–inch retractors (牵引器) metal strips were forgotten inside patients. In another operation, four sponges were left inside someone. When there is significant bleeding and a sponge is placed in a patient, it can sometimes look indistinguishable from the tissue around it.
The lost objects usually lay around the abdomen (腹腔) or hips but sometimes in the chest. They often caused tears or infections. Most patients needed additional surgery to remove the object. In other cases, patients even sensed nothing about the object, and it turned up in later surgery for other problems.
To prevent such mistakes from happening, Loyola University Medical Center is becoming one of the first hospitals in the country to use sponges outfitted with bar codes. The new system was brought to Loyola through the efforts of the hospital’s operating room nurses.
Another effective way is to X–ray patients after surgery to reduce the likelihood of objects being left inside patients

1. 1.
   In which of the following situations are objects most likely to be left inside a patient?
   1. A.
      The nurses are counting the equipment and the patient is being X–rayed
   2. B.
      The surgeons are doing the last operation of the day, and everyone is exhausted
   3. C.
      unexpected happens and some changes must be made in the procedure
   4. D.
      A complex operation is going on according to the plan made by many experts
2. 2.
   Which of the following statements is NOT true?
   1. A.
      Such mistakes happen more often to fat patients
   2. B.
      1,500 patients suffer from the mistake all over the world every year
   3. C.
      X–ray examination can help to find the lost objects
   4. D.
      The mistake largely results from stress rather than tiredness
3. 3.
   What can we infer from the passage?
   1. A.
      Surgical teams aren’t to blame for the mistakes
   2. B.
      Some people never know there is something left inside their body
   3. C.
      Most mistakes happen because equipment isn’t counted after the procedure
   4. D.
      Only some small objects may be left inside the patients
4. 4.
   What is the best title for the passage?
   1. A.
      Never Trust Anyone
   2. B.
      A Mistake in the Operating Room
   3. C.
      Carelessness and Mistakes
   4. D.
      Tips for Patient Safety

Answer 1

CBBB
试题分析：文章主要讲的是外科手术中出现的错误，主要是把医疗器械留在患者体内。
1.细节题：从第二段的句子：The mistakes largely result not from surgeon tiredness, but from the stress arising from emergencies or complications(并发症) discovered on the operating table, the researchers reported.
可知因为预料不到的事情发生和手术的改变，医疗器械才被留在患者体内。选C
2.细节题;从第一段的句子：Surgical teams accidentally leave clamps, sponges and other tools inside about 1,500 patients nationwide each year.可知全国每年有1500个病人遭受这样的痛苦。选B
3.细节题：从第七段的句子：patients even sensed nothing about the object, and it turned up in later surgery for other problems.可知有的病人不知道有东西在体内。选B
4.主旨题：文章主要讲的是外科手术中出现的错误，主要是把医疗器械留在患者体内，选B
考点：考查社会现象类短文
点评：文章分析了具体的现象。测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。