Nineteenth-century writers in the United States, whether they wrote novels, short stories, poems or plays, were powerfully drawn to the railroad in its golden years. In fact, writers responded to the railroads as soon as the first were built in the 1830’s. By the 1850’s, the railroad was a major presence in the life of the nation. Writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David saw the railroad both as a boon(要求) to democracy(民主国家) and as an object of suspicion. The railroad could be and was a despoiler(掠夺者) of nature, furthermore, in its manifestation of speed and noise. It might be a despoiler of human nature as well. By the 1850’s and 1860’s, there was a great distrust among writer and intellectuals of the rapid industrialization of which the railroad was a leading force. Deeply philosophical historians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new frenzy for business was playing in eroding traditional values. A distrust of industry and business continued among writers throughout the rest of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.
For the most part, the literature in which the railroad plays and important role belong to popular culture rather than to the realm of serious art. One thinks of melodramas, boys’ books, thrillers, romances, and the like rather than novels of the first rank. In the railroads’ prime years, between 1890 and 1920, there were a few individuals in the United States, most of them with solid railroading experience behind them, who made a profession of writing about railroading—works offering the ambience of stations, yards, and locomotive cabs. These writers, who can genuinely be said to have created a genre, the “railroad novel”, are now mostly forgotten, their names having faded from memory. But anyone who takes the time to consult their fertile writings will still find a treasure trove of information about the place of the railroad in the life of the United States.
【小题1】The underlined word “it” in the passage refers to______.
| A．railroad | B．manifestation | C．speed | D．nature |
| A．highly enthusiastic | B．both positive and negative | C．unchanging | D．Disinterested |
| A．thrillers | B．boys’ books | C．romances | D．important novels |
| A．largest category(类别) | B．highest quality | C．earliest writers | D．most difficult language |
| A．The role of the railroad in the economy of the USA |
| B．Major nineteenth century writers |
| C．The conflict between expanding industry and preserving nature |
| D．The railroad as a subject for literature |
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
During the twentieth-century there has been a great change in the lives of women. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which chance and health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman's youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and is likely to take paid work until sixty.
This important change in women's life has only recently begun to have its full effect on women's economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school and took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life.
46. We are told that in a family in about 1900 .
A. few children died before they were five
B. seven or eight children lived to be more than five
C. the youngest child would be fifteen
D. four or five children died when they were five
47.One reason why the woman of today may take a job is that she .
A. is younger when her children are old enough to look after themselves
B. does not like children herself
C. needn't worry about food for her children
D. can be free from family duties when she reaches sixty
48. According to the passage, it is now quite usual for women to .
A. stay at home after leaving school
B. marry men younger than themselves
C. start working again later in life
D. marry while still at school
49.Many girls are now likely to .
A. give up their jobs for good after they are married
B. leave school as soon as they can
C. marry so that they can get a job
D. continue working until they are going to have a baby
50. Now a husband probably .
A. plays a greater part in looking after the children
B. helps his wife by doing more of the housework
C. feels dissatisfied with his part in the family
D. takes a part-time job so that he can help in the home
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科目：高中英语 来源：2012-2013学年陕西省宁强县天津高级中学高二第一次月考英语试卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission(录取) to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling.
In 1849, after graduation from medical school. she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师) , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea.
Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital , she also set up the first medical school for women.
【小题1】Why couldn’t Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon?
| A．She couldn’t get admitted to medical school |
| B．She decided to further her education in Paris |
| C．A serious eye problem stopped her |
| D．It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States |
| A．She was a woman. |
| B．She wrote too many letters. |
| C．She couldn’t graduate from medical school. |
| D．She couldn’t set up her hospital. |
| A．Eight years | B．Ten years | C．Nineteen years | D．Thirty-six years |
| A．became the first woman physician |
| B．was the first woman doctor |
| C．and several other women founded the first hospital for women and children |
| D．set up the first medical school for women |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013-2014学年广东省汕头市高三3月高考模拟英语试卷（解析版） 题型：信息匹配
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。下面是几部荣获奥斯卡奖的著名电影，首先请阅读它们的海报信息：
A. 
The
Hurt Locker
US Army ordnance disposal teams disarm improvised
explosive device (IED)placed by Iraqi guerrilla fighters． B． 
Slumdog
Millionaire
TV game—show success fuels one man’s escape from poverty in this Bollywood-tinged romantic drama．
C． 
The
Departed
A policeman and a criminal go undercover and
infiltrate(渗透) each Other’s worlds in this crime
thriller． D. 
Dances
With Wolves
A nineteenth—century soldier learns to respect and then love the Lakota(拉科他族人) way of life
E． 
Brave
heart
Thirteenth—century Scot Sir William Wallace takes up
the sword to defend his people against the English． F. 
Gladiator
A slave in ancient Rome finds dignity and a reason to live in gladiatorial combat．
下面是对这几部影片的简要介绍，请把它们对应的海报找出来：
1.Sergeant First Class William James，a battle．tested veteran，arrives as a new team leader in Bravo company of a U.S. Army Explosive Ordnance Disposal (E.O.D.) unit to disarm improvised explosive device in Iraq in 2004，replacing Staff Sergeant Matthew Thompson, who is killed by a radio—controlled improvised explosive device in Baghdad．
2.In AD 180，the dying Roman emperor wishes to grant temporary leadership to Maximus, but was killed by his son，Commodus, Maximus realizes the truth，but unfortunately, he is taken to Zucchabar, a Roman city in North Africa，by slave traders。There，he iS bought by Proximo, and forced to fight for his life as a gladiator in arena tournaments．
3.In the 13th century，after several years of political unrest，Scotland is invaded and conquered by King Edward I of England．Young witnesses the treachery of Longshanks, survives the death of his father and brother．Twenty or so years later, he led the people to fight against the English army, but finally he was killed．1eaving a shout“Freedom!”
4.In Mumbai，India，eighteen-year-old Jamal Malik, a former street child from the Juhu slum, is a contestant on the TV show of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire．and is one question away from the grand prize．However，he is detained and interrogated by the police，who suspect him of cheating because of the impossibility of a simple“slumdog”knowing all the answers．Jamal recounts the incidents in his life which provided him with each answer．
5.Colin is introduced to organized crime by Irish mobster Costello．Costello trains him to become a mole inside the Massachusetts State Police．Colin is accepted into the Special Investigations Unit，which focuses on organized crime．Before Billy graduates from the police academy，he is asked by Captain Queenan to go undercover, as his family ties to organized crime make him a perfect infiltrator．
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科目：高中英语 来源：2014届安徽省高三上学期第三次月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
What do college teachers think of high school English teachers’English teaching? And how should we see it? Let’s read the following.
A teacher from a community college addressed a sympathetic audience. Heads nodded in agreement when he said, “High school English teachers are not doing their jobs.” He described how weak his students were—all high school graduates who can use language only at a Grade 9 level.
My topic is not standards nor its decline（降低）. What the speaker was really saying is that he is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult.
My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following is natural. It is also human nature to look for the reasons for our dissatisfaction. Before English became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies（缺陷）. But since then, English teachers have been under constant attack.
The complainers think they have hit upon an original idea. As their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect. To the eyes and ears of sensitive adults, the language of the young always seems inadequate.
Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not seen as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar(特有的) to today’s young people, it naturally follows that today’s English teachers cannot be doing their jobs.
1.The speaker believed that ________.
A. he was an excellent language teacher because he had been teaching English for sixteen years
B. the younger generation was as likely as not worse at language than the older generation
C. high school English teachers should be responsible for their students’ poor command of English
D. The fact that the students didn’t work hard enough contributed to their poor command of English
2. In the author’s opinion, the speaker ________.
A. had exaggerated (夸大) the language problems of the students
B. was right in saying English teachers were not doing their jobs
C. gave a correct judgment of the English level of the students
D. thought and spoke in a wise and responsible way
3.What can we conclude from the passage?
A. Language learning and improving needs time and effort.
B. The author disagrees with the speaker over the standard of English at Grade 9 level.
C. It is reasonable to include English as one of the high school subjects.
D. The English language teaching is by no means an easy job for college teachers.
4.The author’s attitude towards the speaker’s remarks is ________.
A. neutral（中立的） B. critical
C. positive D. compromising(妥协的)
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科目：高中英语 来源：2014届江苏盐城阜宁县东沟中学高二下期期末考试英语卷（解析版） 题型：填空题
In ancient times, the most important examination was spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted 1. saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known 2._________ the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into 3. (exist) with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry.
Two types of tests are 4. (common) used in modern schools. The first type is sometimes called an “objective” test. It5. ___________ (intend) to deal with facts, not personal opinions. On objective tests, the student has just one task: he must recognize the correct answer and then he must copy its letter or number onto his examination paper. Sometimes there is6. answer sheet on which the four letters or numbers are printed. Then the student only has to circle the one 7. go with the correct answer.
For testing some kinds of learning, however , such a test is not very satisfactory. A lively student 8. guess the correct answer without really knowing the material.
For a clearer picture of 9. the student knows, most teachers use another kind of examination in addition to objective tests. They use “essay” tests, and the tests require students to write long answers to broad, general questions. When some essay questions are used along with some objective questions, 10. , a fairly clear picture of the students’ knowledge and ability can usually be obtained.
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