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    The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like "I never do anything right" into positive ones like "I can succeed." But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
    Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
    The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
    In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, "I am lovable."
    Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts.
    The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.
    小题1:What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?
    A．It is a highly profitable industry.
    B．It is based on the concept of positive thinking.
    C．It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.
    D．It has yielded positive results.
    小题2:What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?
    A．Encouraging positive thinking many do more harm than good.
    B．There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.
    C．Unhappy people cannot think positively.
    D．The power of positive thinking is limited.
    小题3:What does the author mean by "… you’re just underlining his faults" (Line 4, Para. 3)?
    A．You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
    B．You are pointing out the errors he has committed.
    C．You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.
    D．You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.
    小题4: What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?
    A. It is important for people to continually boost their self-esteem.
    B. Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one’s mood.
    C. Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem.
    D. People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings.
    Section C.
    Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading that you do not need. （请注意题号，将答案填涂在答题卡相应的位置）

    小题1:B
    小题1:A
    小题1:C
    小题1:C

    小题1:首段第一句“The $ 11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed.”属于细节理解题。选项中的based on与文中的built on同义。
    小题1:第二段：“Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have opposite effect;”之后，作者在下一段又再次强调了这一观点“older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse , not better.” cause of a tragedy与选项中的cause of the crash一致。抓住关键词“opposite effect; feel worse , not better”，答案即可一目了然。
    小题1:本题关键是正确理解文章中两个单词“underline(加强，强调)”与“dim(迟钝的，愚笨的)”。选项B中的point out是“指出”之意，与文章中的underlining意思不符。
    小题1:第五段Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts。抓住关键词“didn’t feel better; darker”。
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    “Well, don’t just stand there doing nothing!” said the officer.
    “What shall I do, sir?” asked the poor driver.
    “Get your spade and throw some sand over the shadow, of course!” answered the officer.
    小题1:From this passage you can know ________.
    A．there were a lot of trees where the soldiers were stationed
    B．the soldiers were staying in an area far from the enemy planes
    C．the soldiers knew nothing about desert
    D．the soldiers had lived in desert before
    小题2: Which of the following is right?
    A．The nets with which they covered their trucks were made of small pieces of cloth.
    B．The soldiers tied small pieces of cloth to the nets with which they covered their trucks.
    C．The nets covering the trucks were painted pale green, yellow and brown.
    D．The trucks were tied to the nets with small pieces of cloth.
    小题3:The soldier was surprised and worried because ________.
    A．his truck had cast a shadow in the sun and the enemy plane would find it.
    B．the shadow of his truck was growing longer at noon
    C．it was late in the afternoon, and he could not get rid of the shadow
    D．his newly-painted truck was in the shadow
    小题4: What do you think of the ending of the story?
    A．It is quite reasonable that the officer ordered the soldier to cover the shadow with sand.
    B．We’ll laugh at the officer’s order because it is where the humor lies.
    C．Though the officer’s order sounded wise, the soldier couldn’t cover the shadow.
    D．The soldier managed to cover the shadow with sand
    小题5:What do you think of the ending of the story?
    A．It is quite reasonable that the officer ordered the soldier to cover the shadow with sand.
    B．We’ll laugh at the officer’s order because it is where the humor lies.
    C．Though the officer’s order sounded wise, the soldier couldn’t cover the shadow.
    D．The soldier managed to cover the shadow with sand

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Do you sometimes argue about what seems to you to be simple fact? Do you argue whether it’s cold outdoors or whether the car in front of you is going faster than the speed limit?
    If you get into such arguments, try to think about the story about the six blind men and the elephant. The first blind man who felt the elephant’s trunk said it was like a snake. The second who felt the elephant’s side said it was like a wall, while the third said it was like a spear as he touched the animal’s tusk. The fourth, who got hold of the elephant’s tail insisted that it was like a rope. The fifth man said it looked like a tree as he put his arms around one of the elephant’s legs. The sixth, who was tall and got hold of the elephant’s ears, said it was like a huge fan.
    Each man’s idea of the animal came from his own experience. So if someone disagrees with you about a “simple fact”, it’s often because his experience in the matter is different from yours.
    To see how hard it is for even one person to make up his mind about a “simple fact”, try this simple experiment. Get three large bowls. Put ice water in one. Put hot water in the second. Put lukewarm water in the third. Now put your left hand in the ice water. Put your right hand in the hot water. After thirty seconds, put both hands in the lukewarm water. Your right hand will tell you the water is cold. Your left hand will tell you it’s hot!
    小题1: What makes people think about simple facts differently?
    A．The fact that simple facts differ from one another.
    B．The fact that people have different experience in the same simple fact.
    C．The fact that people often disagree with one another.
    D．The fact that it’s hard to make up one’s mind about simple facts.
    小题2:Which of the following temperatures can the word “lukewarm” be applied to?
    A．Around 1℃B．Above 60℃C．Around 25℃D．Below 0℃
    小题3:After reading the last paragraph, we may think of       .
    A．Newton’s lawB．Gallileo’s theory of falling objects
    C．Einstein’s theory of relativityD．Marx’s On Capital
    小题4:The main idea of this passage is        .
    A．people often judge something according to his own experience
    B．people often agree about simple facts
    C．it’s hard for a person to make up his mind about a simple fact
    D．don’t care too much about simple facts

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