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    If you are afraid of the dark£¬it¡¯s not a big deal£®It¡¯s perfectly normal to feel afraid After all£¬animals do too. ¡°Fear matters£¬¡±says Karen Warkentin£¬an ecologist£®¡°It¡¯s a good thing£¬¡± she adds, ¡°because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.¡±
    Like kids£¬many animals experience fear and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways£®A
    frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell£®A small fish will swim away when a big£¬hungry fish approaches£®
    Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect£®The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs. Warkentin made the surprising discovery while studying red¡ªeyed tree frogs in Costa Rica.
    In this species£¬female frogs attach jellylike clumps£¨¹û¶³Ò»ÑùµÄ¿é×´Îof their eggs to the undersides of leaves£®The leaves hang on branches that dangle£¨Ðü¹Ò£©over ponds£®After they hatch from the eggs£¬the tadpoles£¨òòò½£©then fall into the water£¬where they eventually grow into
    adult frogs.
    Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching£®If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack£¬however£¬they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of schedule. As the snakes are unable to swim£¬by falling into the water early£¬the tadpoles can escape.
    If hatching early helps protect red¡ªeyed tree frogs from snakes£¬you might wonder why their eggs don¡¯t always hatch sooner£®It turns out that hatching early brings its own danger£®Once tadpoles land in the water£¬hungry fish and other animals like to eat them too£®Staying in their eggs for a full 6 days£¬then£¬allows frog embryos£¨ÅßÌ¥£©to grow big and strong£®This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water£®
    68£®It can be inferred from the passage that fears______
    A£®help animals grow bigger and stronger
    B£®are less common among young animals
    C£®help animals move a lot to fit the environment
    D£®are more or less important in order for animals to survive
    69£®We are told in the passage that tree frogs______
    A£®face danger both inside their eggs and in the water
    B£®will grow fast if they fall into the water later
    C£®are surprisingly clever when inside their eggs
    D£®stay in their eggs longer if they are frightened
    70£®What do you think would be discussed in the following paragraph?
    A£®Further explanations as to why tree frogs hatch ahead of schedule£®
    B£®How the unborn frogs know when a snake is about to attack them£®
    C£®Another example of animals that responds to fear in an unexpected way£®
    D£®How tree frogs improve their chances of survival before falling into the water.

    68£®D    69£®A    70£®C
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    ÔĶÁÏÂÃæ¶ÌÎÄ£¬ÕÆÎÕÆä´óÒ⣬Ȼºó´Ó21¡ª40¸÷ÌâËù¸øµÄËĸöÑ¡ÏA¡¢B¡¢CºÍD£©ÖУ¬Ñ¡³ö×î¼ÑÑ¡Ï²¢ÔÚ´ðÌâÖ½ÉϽ«¸ÃÏîÍ¿ºÚ¡£
    I wouldn¡¯t ask for a dressing room. My mom always asked for me.
    The evening before I had   21 risen from my seat and piled on excess £¨¹ýÁ¿£© noodles. Then I licked£¨Ìò£©my bowl with the buttered garlic bread,   22 no evidence of the four servings I had eaten greedily. In the morning I would be forced to lie on my bed and suck in my   23  just to button my jeans. I feared school   24 . The sale rack, with its slender size markers, knew my number continued to grow.
    I learned   25  to eat from my dad: fast and without thinking. In our house, the dinner table involved   26 ,with the children on defense. One   27  move and our dinner would be snatched off our plates without warning and eaten up by our father   28  than we could blink. We soon learned to keep a hand up while   29  our chicken, and if Mom decided to cook that night we needed to hurry and get   30  before it was gone.
    Only one pair of jeans I tried on fit. I   31  and told my mother I could button every pair but only needed the jeans that lay   32  in my hands. We walked to the checkout.
    I kept my head down as we passed a group of girls. They   33 . I glanced up only long enough to know my place. Their   34  cut at me, hands cupped over their mouths in secrecy.
    The shop was about to close and I   35  two girls in my third grade class out.
    ¡°I like your pants. Where did you get them?¡± Marcy asked Alicia. I nodded in agreement,   36 they had removed their cupped hands and I could hear the   37 .
    ¡°Really? I like yours better,¡± Alicia replied.
    ¡°We should trade. What   38  are you?¡± Marcy asked.
    ¡°I don¡¯t know ¡­¡± Alicia said, finding the tag in the back of her pants. ¡°Seven.¡±
    ¡°Me too,¡± Marcy said.
    I   39  in line as I held the jeans, tag folded in so   40  could see the number on it was 12. I am not a size seven.
    21£®A£®hurriedly             B£®hungrily              C£®repeatedly           D£®worriedly[
    22£®A£®leaving               B£®offering              C£®collecting            D£®examining
    23£®A£®stomach              B£®legs                    C£®waist                   D£®hands
    24£®A£®uniforms             B£®meals                  C£®holiday               D£®shopping
    25£®A£®what                   B£®how                    C£®why                    D£®when
    26£®A£®battle                  B£®game                  C£®strike                  D£®debate
    27£®A£®big                     B£®unusual               C£®false                   D£®bold
    28£®A£®harder                 B£®further                C£®earlier                 D£®faster
    29£®A£®swallowing          B£®biting                  C£®tasting                 D£®cooking
    30£®A£®excuses               B£®seconds               C£®opportunities       D£®demands
    31£®A£®ordered               B£®lied                     C£®paid                    D£®promised
    32£®A£®closed                 B£®guided                C£®guarded               D£®satisfied
    33£®A£®laughed               B£®murmured           C£®shouted               D£®whispered
    34£®A£®mouths               B£®hands                  C£®eyes                    D£®ears
    35£®A£®led                     B£®followed             C£®invited                D£®walked
    36£®A£®thankful              B£®afraid                  C£®anxious               D£®excited
    37£®A£®interview            B£®conversation        C£®question              D£®report
    38£®A£®number               B£®size                     C£®color                   D£®weight
    39£®A£®jumped               B£®waited                 C£®cried                   D£®hid
    40£®A£®everybody           B£®anybody              C£®nobody               D£®somebody

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    Friends are important to children£®Research shows that children who have no friends can suffer from difficulties later in life£®Friendship provides children with more than just fun£®In making friends£¬children learn how to get in touch with others and solve problems£®Having friends even does good to children for they can help each other during class.
    If the parents are concerned about whether their children make many friends£¬what matters is that the child is comfortable and happy with his friends£®Parents need to understand the steps children take in building friendships£®First of all£¬be a friend to your child£®Good friendships start at home£®Children begin to develop the necessary ability to go out and meet others through getting along with their parents. Greet the child warmly and let him know you are glad to see him£®Children learn a lot from how their parents stay with them and other people.
    Teach children how to solve conflicts(Õù¶Ë)£®Being able to work out conflicts is an important skill in getting along with others£®If parents know the children have a conflict£¬let them work it out on their own£®Only step in if it is really necessary£¬for example£¬an argument is getting physical.
    Give children chances to practice staying together£®Have children play games that require cooperation. For example£¬races are fun and provide plenty of practice in teamwork£®¡°In what ways didn¡¯t you work well together? What might you do differently next time?¡± For these ideas£¬see books such as Games Book by Telly Orlick and Team¡ªBuilding by Alanna Jones.
    Encourage children to show thanks to others£®The parents can encourage children to do this by setting the example for them£®
    56£®According to the article£¬if one child has no friend£¬he will________.
    A£®have some trouble in the future           B£®worry about everything in the future
    C. not know the importance of making friends   D£®not find anybody to help him
    57£®Friendship can be helpful to the children EXCEPT_________.
    A£®providing a lot of fun      B£®getting in touch with others
    C. solving the problems        D£®helping to cheat in the exams
    58£®When the children disagree with each other£¬the parents should_______.
    A£®1et them fight with each other until they find who is the winner
    B£®do nothing to the children and believe in their abilities
    C£®1et them work it out by themselves and help if necessary
    D. talk with them and try to find good ways to stay together
    59£®From the text£®we can know a good friend should know how to________.
    A£®fall in love with each other      B£®show thanks to others
    C. exchange their presents          D£®ignore their differences

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    Some people don¡¯t believe that driving more slowly can save lives. But the truth is that driving more slowly can help a person to avoid serious accidents.
    The following chart shows the distance that it takes to stop a car at a given speed. The distance is measured in feet. The shaded area shows the driver¡¯s thinking distance. That¡¯s the distance it takes for the driver to react to a danger that he sees. The white area shows the car¡¯s braking distance. That¡¯s the distance it takes for the car to stop once the brakes are used. The number at the top of each bar shows the total number of feet that it takes to stop the car
    72. According to the chart, what is the total number of feet needed to stop a car that is traveling at 50 miles per hour?
    A. 55.    B. 73.    C. 128.    D. 183.
    73. What is the braking distance for a car that is traveling at 60 miles per hour?
    A. 66 feet.    B. 119 feet.    C. 185 feet.    D. 251 feet.
    74. Which of the following statements about braking and speed is TRUE?
    A. The braking distance is what it takes for the driver to react to a danger that he sees.
    B. The speed of a car has a direct effect on the distance needed to stop the car.
    C. The braking distance increases only when a driver drives faster than 50 miles per hour
    D. Driving slowly can help a person to avoid all accidents
    75. The underlined word probably means _____.
    A. equipment for slowing down or stopping    B. object that turns around
    C. object to control the direction in a car    D. large glass window at the front of a vehicle

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    The amount of time children spend in institutional care£¨»ú¹¹Ê½Õչˣ©may affect how their brains develop. That¡¯s the conclusion of a new study carried out by researchers at the University of Wisconsin, Harvard Medical School and the University of Minnesota. The study is published in Child Development in the journal¡¯s January/ February 2010 issue.
    To learn how the lack of care and material needs that institutionalized children often experience affect brain development, the researchers looked at 132 8- and 9-year-olds. Some of them were adopted into U.S. homes after spending at least a year and three quarters of their lives in institutions in Asia, Latin America, Russia and Eastern Europe, and Africa. Others were adopted by the time they were 8 months old into U.S. homes from foster care£¨¼ÄÑø£©in Asia and Latin America; most of these children had spent no time in institutional care, while some had spent a month or two in institutions prior to foster placement. On average, the internationally adopted children had been living with their families for more than 6 years. These children were compared to a group of American children raised in their birth families.
    Children adopted early from foster care didn't differ from children raised in their birth families in the United States. Children adopted from institutional care performed worse than those raised in families on tests measuring visual memory and attention, learning visual information, and impulse £¨³å¶¯£©control. Yet these children performed at developmentally appropriate levels on tests involving sequencing and planning.
    The take-home message: Children make tremendous advances in cognitive£¨ÈÏÖªµÄ£© functioning once they reach their adoptive families, but the early impact on their brains' development is difficult to change completely.
    "We identified basic learning processes that are affected by early institutionalization," notes Seth Pollak, professor of psychology and pediatrics at the University of Wisconsin, who was the study's lead author. "Policies that speed the time in which children can be removed from institutionalized care so they can develop within family contexts should be implemented to decrease the likelihood of learning problems later in children's lives."
    67£®The passage is mainly written to___________.
    A£®compare two childcare systems      B£®criticize the institutional childcare
    C£®present a new research finding          D£®introduce the basic learning process
    68£®Children have their brain development affected in institutional care because__________.
    A£®they suffer form poor living conditions
    B£®they spend too much time learning
    C£®they don¡¯t have freedom staying there
    D£®they are neither physically nor mentally satisfied
    69£®Compared with home-raised children, institutionalized children didn¡¯t do as well in tasks like__________.
    A£®thinking in pictures and self-control
    B£®working in teams and self-expression
    C£®putting things in order and self-defense
    D£®adapting to the environment and self-panning.
    70£®It can be concluded form the passage that__________.
    A£®the United States is a good place for children¡¯s all-round development
    B£®a perfect family is beneficial to children¡¯s all-round development
    C£®children in institutional care can hardly achieve anything great
    D£®nothing has been done to help children in institutional care

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    C
    How has smoking been controlled in recent years?
    People were asked to stop smoking in a range of public places¡ªsuch as doctors¡¯ surgeries, cinemas, theatres and churches¡ªover the second half of the 20th century but it was after the King¡¯s Cross Underground fire on November 18, 1987, caused by a cigarette end which resulted in 31 deaths, that restrictions on smoking in public places gained rapid and widespread acceptance.
    How did a ban on smoking in public places come into place?
    In 1998 the Smoking Kills White Paper set out a national strategy to reduce smoking prevalence (Á÷ÐÐ) and passive smoking, including in public places. The measures were voluntary and poorly carried out. After a public conference in England in 2004, the Government decided to choose for lawmaking. Scotland went first, with a ban in 2006, followed by the other nations a year later. 
    What is the current law?
    Any person who smokes in enclosed public places, including pubs, offices, on public transport and work vehicles, is breaking the law. It does not extend to private houses. It is also an offence for people in charge of premises (ÓªÒµ³¡Ëù) to permit others to smoke in them.
    How was it received?
    It was welcomed by most organizations¡ªexcept for some pub owners and restaurateurs. Many workplaces in the UK had already introduced smoke-free policies consistent with the legislation (·¨ÂÉ£¬·¨¹æ) before it was carried out, while others have gone beyond its basic requirements.
    All railway facilities, including platforms, footbridges and other areas¡ªwhether or not fitting the definition of an enclosed public space¡ªare covered, as are all football grounds and some cricket and athletics stadiums. School grounds are not required to be smoke-free under the legislation, but the majority now are.
    How has it been forced?
    Compliance (·þ´Ó) in public premises has been high, with inspections suggesting that 99 per cent of places were sticking to the rules. The number of people charged for smoking in cars has been very low, which was due to the problems defining and identifying ¡°work¡± vehicles. They said that a total ban on smoking in vehicles would end this confusion.
    Has it improved health?
    Studies in early adopters of the law, including in Scotland, suggest a reduction in hospital admissions for heart disease, which has been shown to be linked to passive smoking. There is also strong evidence of improved rates of smoking end and a drop in the number of cigarettes consumed by those who continue to smoke.
    63. When did the first law come out to ban smoking in public places?
    A. 1987.                   B. 1998.                    C. 2004.                   D. 2006.
    64. Which of the following behaviors may NOT be against the law?
    A. Jack often smokes in the office when he is alone.
    B. A taxi driver is smoking with a lady in his car.
    C. Tom smokes while thinking of his future at home.
    D. Max smokes for relaxation during time-out in the stadium.
    65. Who might feel unhappy about the law according to the article?
    A. A restaurant owner.   B. A company manager. C. A car owner.             D. A policy maker.
    66. What can you infer from the article?
    A. Most heart diseases have been proved to be linked to passive smoking.
    B. A new law will soon come out with a total ban on smoking in vehicles.
    C. The 1987 fire has convinced more people that smoking is bad for health.
    D. Most of the school grounds are not smoke-free, as it is not banned in the law.

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    C
    A car that runs on coffee is unveiled£¨shown to the public for the first time£©today but at between 25 and 50 times the cost of running a car on petrol, the invention won¡¯t please any motor industry accountants£®
    Nicknamed the Car-puccino, it has been created using a 1988 Volkswagen Scirocco bought for £400 and it was chosen because it looked like the time-traveling DeLorean in the movie Back To The Future£®The car will be driven the 210 miles between Manchester and London powered only by roasted coffee granules £¨¿ÅÁ££©£®It has been built by a team from the BBC1 science programme Bang Goes The Theory and will go on display at the Big Bang science fair in Manchester to show how fuels other than traditional petrol can power vehicles£®
    The team calculates the Car-puccino will do three miles per kilo of ground coffee £¨¿§·È·Û£© ¡ª about 56 cups of espressos £¨Å¨¿§·È£© per mile£®The journey will use about 70 kilos of ground coffee which, at supermarket prices of between £13 and £26 a kilo depending on brand and quality, will cost between £910 and £1,820, or between 25 and 50 times the £36 cost of petrol for the journey£®In total, the trip will cost 11,760 espressos, and the team will have to take ¡®coffee breaks¡¯ roughly every 30 to 45 miles to pour in more granules£®They will also have to stop about every 60 miles to clean out the ¡®coffee filters¡¯ to rid them of the soot and tar which is also generated by the process£®So despite a top speed of 60mph, the many stops mean the going will be slow, with the journey taking around ten hours£®
    Sadly, the inventors will still have to pay duty on their coffee fuel---even though tax collectors at Her Majesty¡¯s Revenue and Custom haven¡¯t yet worked out how much£®
    Nick Watson, producer of Bang Goes The Theory, said, ¡°Coffee, like wood or coal, has some carbon content so you can use it as a fuel£®The coffee needs to be very dry and in granules to allow the air to move through the pile of coffee as it burns£®The brand doesn¡¯t matter£®¡± He said the same technology could be used to power a car on other unusual fuels, such as woodchips or nut shells, construction or agricultural waste£®
    49£®Which is the right way to choose the coffee used as fuels to run the Car-puccino?
    A£®It should be very dry£®                B£®The stronger, the better£®
    C£®The smaller the granules are, the better£®  D£®It should be of a certain brand£®
    50£®What can be inferred from the passage?
    A£®All kinds of materials can be used as fuels£®
    B£®The Car-puccino will be put into the market soon£®
    C£®Nick Watson is the designer of the Car-puccino
    D£®Much remains to be improved for the Car-puccino£®
    51£®The Car-puccino has its disadvantages EXCEPT that ________£®
    A£®it makes a lot of noise           
    B£®it runs at a very high cost
    C£®it has to stop to be refueled very often£®       
    D£®it¡¯s not good enough for long-distance journey
    52£®How much ground coffee will be used to cover a distance of 126 miles in this car?
    A£®About 70 kilos    B£®About 42 kilos£®  C£®About 32 kilos    D£®About 30 kilos

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    C
    Are you afraid of change? Whether it is you personally or the working/living environment around you that changes, change will happen, it¡¯s one guarantee I can give you and if you want success you need to make changes too.
    Throughout the history of mankind changes have happened and they will continue to do so until the end of time. I do not think I need give you a list of any of these events they are obvious to us all.
    Where are you going with this Steve, I hear you saying to yourself, everyone knows that changes happen all the time and we as human beings adapt accordingly. Well, yes, I agree with you to a point, but in that case why are we all not living the life we want in the world we want?
    Because some of us resist change, because we are afraid of the unknown factors that change may bring into our lives.
    Stop resisting and the changes will happen automatically, that is what happened to me when I started using hypnosis£¨Ë¯Ãß״̬£© and mediation £¨³Á˼£©to help me come to terms with the changes I needed to make to get out of Going Nowhere Land. I honestly believe that if I had not lost my fear of change when I did that there is absolutely no way that I would be enjoying life and the success I am having as much as I do at this moment in time.
    My intention is to carry on enjoying life to the full and to successfully help others to do the same and if that means making even more changes to my life, as it surely will, then bring them on and let¡¯s get started.
    It does not matter if you start off making small changes like getting up early so that you can share breakfast with your loved ones, take some exercise or meditating before going to work, start making those changes now. By getting into the habit of making changes, you will accept change into your life, you will begin to change more of your old habits into new and better ones and even enjoy the feeling that making those changes brings and the success that comes with them.
    64. Which would be the best title for the passage?
    A. Are you afraid of change?        B. Changing for success.
    C. Why do you resist change.         D. Change brings happiness.
    65. The underlined phrase ¡°come to terms with¡± in the fifth paragraph probably means ¡°_______ ¡°
    A. reach an agreement with            B. fight against
    C. accept something unpleasant         D. overcome the bad consequences of
    66. From the fifth paragraph we can infer that ___________.
    A. the author has never been afraid of changes in his life.
    B. the author used to believe that changes happened automatically
    C. the author is still not satisfied with his present situation
    D. the author had experienced a period of frustration(´ìÕÛ) in his life
    67. In the last paragraph, the author intends to ________.
    A. list the necessary changes we ought to make
    B. advise us to make any necessary changes
    C. explain what changes can bring
    D. explain the progress of making changes

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    (B)
    We¡¯re not suggesting that you should reach a permanent state called ¡°happiness¡± and remain there. But there are many ways to keep away from anxiety, anger, frustration and sadness. Here are some ideas to get you started. Choose the ones that work for you.
    Practice mindfulness. Focus on the present. Instead of worrying about what you should do tomorrow while you¡¯re having dinner with your family, focus on the here and now¡ªthe food, your families, the conversation.
    Sing along. Studies fine music activates parts of the brain that produce happiness. In one study, older adults who listened to their choice of music during eye surgery had significantly lower heart rate and blood pressure than those who had silent surgery.
    Go to sleep. We have become a nation of sleep-deprived citizens. Taking a daily nap or getting into bed at 8 p.m. at night with a good book and turning the light out an hour later can do more for your mood than any number of bubble baths or massages.
    Make a list. There¡¯s nothing like writing down your tasks to help you organize your thoughts and calm your anxiety. Checking off each item provides a great sense of fulfillment.
    Visit a quiet place. Libraries, museums, gardens, and places of worship(Àñ°Ý³¡Ëù) provide islands of peace and calm in today¡¯s world. Find a quiet place near your house and make it your secret getaway.
    Volunteer. Helping others enables you to put your own problems into perspective(¿Í¹ÛÅжÏÁ¦) and also provides social interaction. While happy people are more likely to help others, helping others increases your happiness. One study found that volunteer work enhanced all four aspects of well-being: happiness, life satisfaction, self-esteem and sense of control over life.
    41. According to the passage, which of the following ways can keep you away from bad moods?
    A. Staying with your family.                        B. Having a lot of money.
    C. Having enough sleep.                              D. Travelling.
    42. As stared in the text, ______can reduce the risk of operation.
    A. taking a nap when having surgery             B. finding a quiet place to perform surgery
    C. keeping quiet when having surgery          D. listening to music when having surgery
    43. Making a list of your tasks and checking them off can ________ yourself.
    A. encourage      B. satisfy        C. improve       D. change
    44. You¡¯d better not go to _______if you want to keep quiet and calm.
    A. libraries        B. churches     C. supermarkets     D. gardens
    45. According to the passage, why can helping others increase your happiness?
    A. Because it¡¯s a good way to relax.
    B. Because happy people are more likely to help others.
    C. Because it enable you to see your own problems clearly.
    D. Because it can enhance your health.  

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