Europe’s deadly outbreak of a rare form of E. coli bacteria (大肠杆菌) has brought new attention to food safety issues. One of the problems when people get sick from food is that the simplest question is often difficult or even impossible to answer. Just what did the people eat that made them sick?
Of course, one way to avoid these medical mysteries is to keep dangerous organisms out of the food supply. This is easier said than done, but scientists keep looking for new ways.
Scientists in the United States have developed an experimental system that uses a high-tech optical scanner. The system is designed to identify the presence of contaminants(致污物) like soil or animal waste on fresh produce. These can be sources of E. coli. E. coli bacteria naturally live in the intestines(肠) of humans and many animals. Most kinds of E. coli are harmless but some can make people sick.
The new scanner can also show damage and imperfections that might make the produce unappealing to shoppers.
Scientists designed the system at a Department of Agriculture research center in Beltsville, Maryland. Moon Kim of the Agricultural Research Service led the team.
MOON KIM: “We were requested, we were asked, to develop a method to detect contamination in produce. So we started with the apple as the model sample.”
The scanner uses a high-speed camera placed over the conveyer belt that moves the produce along. As the apples move along the belt, the scanner captures images of each piece of fruit.
Moon Kim says the team hopes the system will be available before long.
MOON KIM: “We are targeting for development in commercial plants for the next several years.”
The scanner can direct a sorting machine to separate the bad apples from the good ones. The system is currently able to show the surface of only half the apple as it speeds by. The inventers hope to improve the process so it can show the whole surface.
1.What is the main topic of the text?
A. Bacteria.????????????? B. A high-tech scanner.????????????? ? C. A camera????????????? D. Food safety.
2.E. coli bacteria ______.
A. broke out all over the world????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ? B. comes from soil or animal waste
C. is extremely harmful to health????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ? D. does not cause illness
3.The high-tech scanner ______.
A. can help to sort out different fruits
B. make the produce appeal to shoppers
C. can only capture images of the whole apple
D. can identify the presence of contaminants
4.What can be inferred from the text?
A. The scanner needs to be improved.
B. The scanner will be available in the next several years.
C. Moon Kim is unwilling to develop the scanner.
D. The scanner is connected to a sorting machine.
1.B
2.B
3.D
4.A
【解析】
试题分析：本文主要叙述了在欧洲爆发大肠杆菌的感染给人们的健康带来了很大的危害。科学家发明出一种扫描仪来识别致污物的存在，详细描述了这样仪器的特点和需要改进的地方。
1.B 主旨大意题。文章中主要提及了在欧洲爆发的E. coli bacteria (大肠杆菌)的感染给人们的健康带来了很大的危害。科学家发明出一种扫描仪来识别致污物 的存在，接下来就分析了这一扫描仪的具体情况。故B正确。
2.B 细节题。根据文章第3段第2行The system is designed to identify the presence of contaminants(致污物) like soil or animal waste on fresh produce.可知大肠杆菌主要来自土壤和动物粪便。故B正确。
3.D 细节题。根据文章第3段1,2行Scientists in the United States have developed an experimental system that uses a high-tech optical scanner. The system is designed to identify the presence of contaminants(致污物) like soil or animal waste on fresh produce可知这一扫描仪可以识别出大肠杆菌)的存在。故D正确。
4.A 推理题。根据文章最后3行The system is currently able to show the surface of only half the apple as it speeds by. The inventers hope to improve the process so it can show the whole surface.可知这个扫描仪还有一些需要改进的地方。故A正确。
考点：考察科普类短文阅读
名师指导期末冲刺卷系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Climate change，pollution，overuse of water and development are killing some of the world’s most famous rivers including China’s Yangtze．India’s Ganges and Africa’s Nile．WWF said on Tuesday．At the global launch of its report “World’s Top 10 Rivers at Risk”，the group said many rivers could dry out. affecting hundreds of millions of people and killing unique aquatic(水生的)life．
“If these rivers die，millions will lose their livelihoods，biodiversity(生物多
样性)will be destroyed on a massive scale，there will be less fresh water and agriculture，resulting in less food security，”said．Rayi Singh，secretary—general
of WWF—India．The report。launched ahead of“World Water Day”today，also
cited the Rio Grande in．the United States，the Mekong and Indus in Asia，Europe’s Danube, La Plata in South America and Australia’s Murray—Darling as in need of greater protection．
Rivers are the world’s main source of fresh water and WWF says about half of the available supply is already being used up．Dams have destroyed habitats and cut rivers off from their flood plains．while climate change could affect the seasonal water flows that feed them，the report said．Fish populations，the top source of protein and overall life support for hundreds of thousands of communities worldwide，are also being threatened, it found．．The Yangtze basin is one of the most polluted rivers in the world because of decades of heavy industrialization，damming and huge influxes(流入)of seaiment(积淀)from land conversion.
Climate change，including higher temperatures，also means serious consequences for fishery productivity，water supply and political security in Africa’s arid Nile basin．Tributaries(支流)flowing into the Ganges are drying up because of irrigation，WWF said．
What does the text mainly about?
A．Saving fresh water in our life．B．How to protect our rivers．
C．An important discovery．D．World’s top 10 rivers are at risk．
We can infer from the text that _____.
A．rivers’dying out could affect food security
B．there are four Asian rivers mentioned in the passage
C．the Yangtze is polluted thanks to the lack of enough tributaries
D．higher temperatures couldn’t affect fishery productivity
WWF is probably a name of _____.
A．an organization B．a newspaper C．a magazine D．a report
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科目：高中英语 来源：内蒙古集宁一中2009-2010学年高二下学期期末考试试题（英语） 题型：阅读理解
三．阅读理解：（20×2.5=50分）
People have smoked cigarettes for a long time. The tobacco used to make cigarettes was grown in what is now part of the United States. Christopher Columbus, who discovered America, saw the Indians smoking, and soon the dried leaves were transported to Europe where smoking began to catch on. In the late 1800s, the Turk(土耳其人) made cigarettes even popular.
Cigarettes smoke contains at least two harmful substances, tar and nicotine. Tar, which forms as the tobacco burns, damages the lungs and therefore affects breathing. Nicotine, which is found in the leaves, causes the heart to beat faster and increases breathing rate.
Smoking cigarettes is dangerous. The U.S. Public Health Service stated that cigarette smoking is the cause of lung cancers and several other deadly diseases. The U.S. government now requires that each package of cigarettes bear（带有）a special warning about the danger of smoking.
1. The expression “catch on” in the passage may mean _________.
A. start B. cost a lot C. become popular D. dangerous
2. Before Columbus discovered America __________.
A. Europeans had smoked B. Nobody smoked in the world
C. Nicotine was not in tobacco D. Europeans had never smoked
3. In the nineteenth century smoking became popular because of the people in ________.
A. India B. Turkey C. the U.S. D. British
4. Breathing is affected by ___________.
A. nicotine B. tar C. heat D. both A and B
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015届四川省高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Climate change，pollution，overuse of water and development are killing some of the world’s most famous rivers including China’s Yangtze．India’s Ganges and Africa’s Nile．WWF said on Tuesday．At the global launch of its report “World’s Top 10 Rivers at Risk”，the group said many rivers could dry out, affecting hundreds of millions of people and killing unique aquatic（水生的）life．
“If these rivers die，millions will lose their livelihoods，biodiversity（生物多样性）will be destroyed on a massive scale，there will be less fresh water and agriculture，resulting in less food security，”said．Rayi Singh，secretary—general of WWF—India．The report launched ahead of “World Water Day” today，also cited the Rio Grande in the United States，the Mekong and Indus in Asia，Europe’s Danube, La Plata in South America and Australia’s Murray—Darling as in need of greater protection．
Rivers are the world’s main source of fresh water and WWF says about half of the available supply is already being used up．Dams have destroyed habitats and cut rivers off from their flood plains．while climate change could affect the seasonal water flows that feed them，the report said．Fish populations，the top source of protein and overall life support for hundreds of thousands of communities worldwide，are also being threatened, it found．．The Yangtze basin is one of the most polluted rivers in the world because of decades of heavy industrialization，damming and huge influxes（流入）of sediment（积淀）from land conversion．
Climate change，including higher temperatures，also means serious consequences for fishery productivity，water supply and political security in Africa’s arid Nile basin．Tributaries（支流）flowing into the Ganges are drying up because of irrigation，WWF said．
1.hat is the text mainly about?
A．Saving fresh water in our life． B．How to protect our rivers．
C．An important discovery． D．World’s top 10 rivers are at risk．
2.We can infer from the text that _____．
A．rivers’ dying out could affect food security
B．there are four Asian rivers mentioned in the passage
C．the Yangtze is polluted thanks to the lack of enough tributaries
D．higher temperatures couldn’t affect fishery productivity
3.The top 10 rivers are fast dying as a result of the following EXCEPT _____．
A．climate change B．wasting water C．pollution D．dams
4.WWF is probably a name of _____．
A．an organization B．a newspaper C．a magazine D．a report
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科目：高中英语 来源：全国通用2010届高考英语考点预测：信息匹配 题型：信息匹配
Madrid Post House
A popular base for visitors to Edinburgh, this fine hotel stands next to the zoological gardens within easy reach of many famous sights, shops and entertainments of one of Europe’s most elegant capitals．
B．Royal Rose Hotel
This impressive hotel, well-known for its good Spanish cooking, is an ideal choice for a relaxing family holiday．Set in 100 acres of private grounds, the Cally, a former stately home, has something for everyone including its own fishing lake, outdoor heated swimming pool, green lawn, tennis court, children’s playground and sauna baths．
C．Golden Castle Hotel
There can be few better places for a refreshing holiday than this picturesque hotel set in its own 120 acres of beautiful countryside by a charming lake．Boating and fishing are both available here．
D．New Barcelona Hotel
A unique feature of the hotel is its fine collection of antique（古董）furniture, china and glass．This friendly comfortable hotel, a favorite meeting place for the townspeople, is an excellent base for getting to know the famous Spanish city---- Barcelona．
E．Real Star Hotel
The hotel had a fascinating beginning ---- it was built in 1808．This homely hotel has been extended to make it a really comfortable base for exploring the valley nearby and the attractive country not far away．
F．North Hill Hotel
This fine hotel is close to the city theatre and museums．The hotel has its own open-air swimming pool and saunas．Madrid, well-known for its art festivals, is only some 24 miles away．
Jackson, Anna及两个孩子，David, Bob一家，Black 夫妇都想寻找一家宾馆。请阅读他们的信息，然后匹配他们所要找的宾馆。
_____ 56. Jackson wants to do several all-day hikes in the mountains during the spring．He is fond of a place with traditional decorations and superb（极好的）views．
______57．Anna and her two children aged six and ten will spend July in Europe．The children are interested in animals and plants and the mother enjoys fashion．
______58．David is a handicapped（残疾的）teacher who must use a wheelchair but drives his own car．He enjoys concerts, museum, fine architecture and swimming．He will spend the first two weeks of October in Spain．
______59．Bob, Alice and their one-year-old daughter want to be in a quiet place during August．They enjoy good food, and like to take long walks（the baby rides in a back-pack）
______ 60．Mr. Black and Mrs. Black, aged 65 and 68, love mountain scenery and still take easy walks by the lakeside when they can．They hope to enjoy fresh air and some relaxing activities．
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科目：高中英语 来源：2011-2012学年湖北省黄冈市高三精品模拟试卷（一）英语（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
The days of Europeans relaxing in the cafe with a newspaper and a seemingly endless cup of coffee appear to be numbered．A new English expression is popular in Europe these days：“coffee to go．”
“Five or ten years ago it was much more normal to sit in a cafe for several hours than it is nowadays，”says Joann，who works in a central Berlin coffee bar owned by the Canadian coffee and bakery chain Tim’s.
“There is a trend towards a more fast-paced life．But people still act surprised when you ask if the coffee is‘to go’．You mean I can take it with me? they ask..”
“Europe is often five or eight years behind trends in America，”says Joann.“In the States.‘coffee to go’is part of everyday life.”
Owing in part to Starbucks，it appears to be very much part of everyday life in many other countries too．
The Seattle-based group compete with a growing number of global chains in attempting to reshape coffee drinking cultures in regions including Asia and the Middle East．
The US is the model for continental Europe’s new“coffee to go”culture：Each of the new cafe bars offers bagels，muffins，brownies and cookies to go with the coffee.
But then,“coffee to go’’might sound a little odd to English ears used to the words “takeaway”or take one．
It does sum up the brisker pace of life since the city resumed its status as the German capital following the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989.
As one more sign of the changing times，one of Berlin’s most venerable(古老而庄重的)coffee houses，cafe Einstein，has followed the trend by opening a small chain of coffee shops across the city．
Taking coffee,slowly and in decorous（端正的）surroundings,has been a feature of European coffee houses,particularly in German speaking countries,for decades.
For the elderly citzens of Vienna it amounts to a ritual（仪式）when they gather in coffee houses around the city for a cup of their favovrite drink and a piece of rich,creamy cake.
1.From the passage,we can see that .
A、“coffee to go” springs in Europe these days
B、Europe is often a few years before trends in America
C、America often follows Europe’s “coffee to go”culture
D、it’s easy to reshape coffee drinking cultures in the Middle East
2.Every new cafe bar offers some to go with the coffee
A、food B、newspaper C、drink D、music
3.More and more Europeans have takeaway coffee because .
A、Europeans live a more fast-paced life now
B、The coffee is much cheaper
C、Europeans are used to taking away the coffee
D、the coffee is easy to take away
4.The characteristic of European coffee houses is .
A、“coffee to go ”as part of daily life
B、sitting in a cafe bar for several hours
C、having coffee slowly in a pleasant atmosphere
D、taking away coffee in a hurry
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