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    Rumour（ 谣言 ）is the most primitive way of spreading stories— by passing them on from mouth to mouth．but civilized countries in                                              normal times have better sources  of news than     rumour．They have radio, television, and newspapers．In times of confusion （ 混乱 ）,  however ,rumour appears and becomes widespread．At such times the different kinds of news are in competition: the press, television, and radio against the grapevine．

    Especially do rumours spread when war requires control on many important matters．The normal news sources no longer give out enough information．Since the people can not learn through legal channels all that they are anxious to learn, they pick up "news" wherever they can and when this happens, rumour grows．

    Rumours are often repeated even by those who do not believe the tales．There is an interest about them．The reason is that the cleverly designed rumour gives expression to something  deep in the hearts of the victims — the fears, doubts, forbidden hopes, or daydreams which they hesitate to voice directly．Pessimistic （ 悲观的 ） rumours about defeat and disasters show that the people who repeat them are worried and anxious ．Optimistic rumours  about record production or peace soon coming point to self- satisfaction or confidence—and often to over- confidence．

    1．The author suggests that, in times of confusion, man often __________．

           A．stops regular news services                  B．turns to primitive ways for support

        C．distrusts his fellow man                        D．loses complete control of himself

    2．The underlined word "grapevine" in Paragraph 1 probably means "__________”．

           A．rumour              B．newspaper         C．information        D．time

    3．The author states that during wartime the regular sources of news provide only __________ ．

        A．false information                                 B．optimistic reports

        C．limited information                             D．pessimistic reports

    4．Which of the following statements is mentioned as a reason for people to repeat a rumour?

           A．They are too willing to believe．      

           B．They take an interest in rumour．

           C．They have a strong desire to make a fool of other people．

           D．They find some rumours reflect their own unexpressed beliefs．

    1．B．解析：推理题。根据第一段的意思: 混乱时谣言就会传播开来, 而谣言是一种最原始的传播消息的方法, 由此推测出 "人们常常会求助于（ 依靠 ）这些原始的方式" 。

    2．A．解析：词义猜测题。根据短文第一段最后一句, 其意为"出版、电视、电台进行新闻大战"来反击"谣言"。

    3．C．解析：推测题。根据第二段首句句意, 即 "当战争需要对很多重要的事情进行控制时, 谣言更会传播开来"可推测出,"战时一般只提供有限的消息"。

    4．D．解析：细节题。分析最后一段第三句话可得出答案。

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      Which of the following statements is mentioned as a reason for people to repeat a rumour?

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        They are too willing to believe.
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        They take an interest in rumour.
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