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    WASHINGTON --- It’s a great achievement that inspires concepts of robots with consciousness and independent minds.
    When people or animals get hurt, they can usually compensate for minor injuries and keep limping along, but for robots, even slight damage can make them stumble and fall. However, a recently made robot has demonstrated a new ability: it can heal its own damage.
    The new robot, which looks like a splay-legged (弓形腿的), four-footed starfish, can sense injury to itself and adapt. That ability sets the new robot apart from earlier machines. Because the robot can recover from unfamiliar places.
    “There is a need for planetary robotic rovers (行星机器探测车) to be able to fix things on their own,” says Josh Bongard, a professor in the University of Vermont, who is one of the device’s creator. “Robots on other planets must be able to continue their mission without human help if they are damaged and cannot communicate their problem back to Earth.”
    A typical robot functions according to a computer program, but the new robot works differently. First, sensors in its four legs observe the robot’s movements and signals to its built-in computer. From the information it collects, the robot creates its own programs that allow it to adapt to different situations. For example, when the researchers shortened one of the robot’s legs, the smart machine simply adjusted its way of walking—it used three legs instead of four.
    The researchers are looking for other places to put the resilient robot to work. One spot is the ocean floor. That dark and dangerous undersea area might be a good choice for a robot that the scientists call the Starfish. “We never officially named the robot, but we usually refer to it as the Starfish, even though a real starfish has five rather than four legs,” says Bongard. “Also, a real starfish is much better than our robot at recovering from injury, because it can actually grow its legs again.” Scientists have created robots that help humans in many ways: by exploring space, fighting fires, and even performing surgery.
    小题1:The newly designed robot distinguishes itself from the former ones because it________.
    A．can communicate with people on the earth about their problems
    B．works according to a certain computer program
    C．can find its problems and solve them automatically
    D．can explore unfamiliar places
    小题2:An example is given in the fourth paragraph in order to explain that the robot ________.
    A．is used to create new programs
    B．has typical robot functions
    C．has sensors to observe its movements
    D．can gather information and adapt to new conditions
    小题3:Which of the following is TRUE about the robot “Starfish”?
    A．It was spoken highly of by people for its special ability.
    B．It will stumble and fall if damaged.
    C．It can grow its legs again once they are broken.
    D．It has started to work on the ocean floor.
    小题4:What might be the best title of the passage?
    A．How the Starfish Robot Works
    B．Do-It-Yourself Robot Repair
    C．Robots Designed to Work on Other Planets
    D．New Robot Helping Us in Many Ways

    小题1:C
    小题1:D
    小题1:A
    小题1:B
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    A Nobel Prize is considered by most people one of the highest international honors a person can receive. As you know, the prizes were started by a Sweden called Sweden Alfred Nobel. Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, and lived from 1833 to 1896.
    Alfred Nobel was a chemist and inventor. He made two important inventions, so he became very rich. Although he was rich, Nobel was not a happy man. He never married or had children. Also, he was a sick man in large part of his life. Nobel died at the age of sixty-three. When he died, he left a fund of $9,000,000. The money was to be used in giving prizes to those who made outstanding achievement in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and the promotion(促进)of the world peace.
    The first Nobel Prize were given on December 10th,1901, five years after Nobel’s death. Many famous people all over the world have been given Nobel Prizes for their achievements. Albert Einstein was one of them.
    Each prize has three parts. The first part is a gold medal. Second, a winner of a Nobel Prize is given a diploma saying that he has been given the prize. The third part of the prize is a large amount of money---about $40，000.
    Often a prize is given to just one person, but not always. Sometimes a prize is shared. It might be given to two or more people who have worked together. It is also sometimes true that a prize is not given at all if there is no outstanding achievement. In 1972, for example, not a Nobel Prize was given. It is the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm that decides whether to give the prize or not.
    小题1:Most people think that Nobel Prize is ____ a person can receive.
    A．the highest honor in the world
    B．one of the highest international honors
    C．a higher honor than others
    D．as high as any other honor
    小题2:Alfred Nobel who started the Nobel Prize was _____.
    A．a rich, happy and lucky man
    B．a poor, unhappy and unlucky man
    C．a poor, happy and lucky man
    D．a rich unhappy and unlucky man
    小题3:A Nobel Prize is made up of ___.
    A．a gold medal and a large amount of money
    B．a gold medal and a diploma
    C．a gold medal and a diploma and a large amount of money
    D．a diploma and a large amount of money
    小题4:A Nobel Prize is given to ___ each year.
    A．just one personB．one person
    C．not always one personD．three persons
    小题5:When he died, Nobel left an amount of money ____.
    A．to his wife and children
    B．to the university he used to study in
    C．to his parents and his studies
    D．to be spent on setting five prizes

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    How can you hear your friends’ voices when they are far away and you can’t make a long—distance call? Besides the web camera system with your computer, we have a new high-tech way to solve the problem and ease your pain of missing them.
    The Japanese company Combiwith created a system—“talking picture”. It makes people in pictures speak!
    The “talking picture” has a special pen. It is actually a pen-shaped scanner. It can scan information in special—made pictures. A connected player will then play the information out loud.
    First, you need to take a picture and record what you want to say with the company. The company will then make special barcodes(条形码) onto your picture(you can’t see those codes). Those codes are your voice and your words. When you hold up the pen to scan your picture with barcodes, a player connected to the pen will start to play. It plays things you’ve recorded. That way the invention makes the “you” in the picture speak!
    Do you want your friends and families talking out of pictures? Have them make pictures like that, and you can hear them whenever you want, only with the “talking picture” system. The system can play messages for up to 12 minutes.
    “The pictures would be useful for those who hope to hear the voice of someone living far away,” said Mayumi Fuji, a spokeswoman for the company. “Grandparents, for example, longing to know about their grandchildren, would be happy to hear their voice when they see the picture,” Fuji said.
    But it is troublesome to go to the company for taking a special picture first. And, it is much more expensive than using a telephone. The photo with barcodes costs between 17,040 and 17,990 yen(日元)(160 and 169 dollars). The larger picture you want, the more you pay.
    Now, just raise a finger, lonely people can have their loved ones speak out of pictures. But, whether the “talking picture” is practical or not, let’s wait and see.
    小题1:What does “talking pictures” mean according to this article?
    A．The picture can play what’s been recorded as if the person in the picture “talks”.
    B．You can have a talk with the person in the picture whenever you want to.
    C．The picture can tell you wonderful stories to ease your pain.
    D．The picture can tell what’s on your mind when you are looking at it.
    小题2:If you want to make a talking picture, you need to ________.
    A．take a picture and record what you want to say with the company
    B．make special barcodes onto your picture
    C．a pen—shaped scanner to go with the picture
    D．All of the above
    小题3:Which of the following is NOT true accordingly?
    A．The talking picture system can play messages for 12 minutes at most.
    B．It will cost you more to take a larger talking picture.
    C．It might take a lot of trouble to make a talking picture.
    D．You can make a talking picture by just raising a finger.
    小题4:What is the attitude of the author?
    A．Optimistic.B．Uncertain.C．Positive.D．Pessimistic.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    We live in a digital world now, and a student’s technology needs have changed. For the early years, when you are in primary school, you can get by with no technology at all. Even if you have a computer, it’s a good idea to get children familiar with libraries. At this age, trips to the library are like family outings.
    As you get closer to middle school, a computer with Internet access becomes more of a necessity. Teachers will often give assignments that require a student to use the Internet for research. After a computer, technology choices for students become more difficult to make – especially when it comes to cell-phones. Kids will beg their parents for a cell-phone, especially in middle school. For many parents, it’s a safety issue: They want to know that their kids can reach them quickly if necessary. For teachers, cell phones can be used to record lessons when students are absent. But many teachers dislike cell-phones. Some kids send messages or have talks in the class. Sending messages also raises the problem of cheating on exams. More and more schools are now forbidding the use of cell-phones.
    Many kids see iPods as necessary things to have. IPods are great for music, but do they do anything good for your children’s education? Maybe they do. That’s the opinion of Doug Johnson, an educator for 30 years. Johnson says that educators should accept all new forms of technology in the classroom, including iPods. “Some do more with their cell- phones than we can do with our laptops,” he jokes. “I don’t think we should be afraid. The truth is that it’s easier to change the way we teach than to change the technology habits of an entire generation.”
    小题1:According to author, primary school children should___.
    A．use the computer and the Internet regularly
    B．ask their parents to buy them cell-phones
    C．buy iPods to listen to music
    D．go to libraries to read more books
    小题2:Why do parents agree to buy their children cell-phones?
    A．They want their children to be cool.
    B．They think cell-phones be helpful to their study.
    C．They want to keep in touch with their children.
    D．They want their children to keep up to date.
    小题3:The following are all reasons why many teachers dislike cell-phones EXCEPT ____.
    A．cell-phones can be used to cheat on exams
    B．schoolchildren will send messages during class
    C．cell-phones can be used to record lessons
    D．schoolchildren might talk on them during class
    小题4: What does the underlined word “that” refers to?
    A．iPods can be used to listen to music.
    B．iPods can be helpful for children’s education.
    C．iPods can be used to play games.
    D．iPods are necessary for children’s lives.
    小题5:We can infer from what Doug Johnson said that _____.
    A．cell-phones are not useful to students
    B．teachers should let students use cell-phones
    C．it’s better for teachers to change their teaching methods
    D．schoolchildren should follow the trends(潮流) of fashion

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：完形填空

    完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)
    请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
    A group of frogs were traveling through the woods, and two of them fell into a deep pit（深坑）. All the other frogs  36  the pit. When they saw how  37  the pit was, they told the two frogs that they might be  38 .
    The two frogs  39  what the other frogs were saying and  40  to jump up out of the pit with all of their physical strength. The other frogs  41  telling them to stop. Finally, one of the frogs  42  the comments, seriously considering them, and gave up. He  43  down and died.
    The other frog continued to jump as  44  as he could. Once again, the crowd of frogs shouted at him to stop the  45  and just die. He jumped even harder and finally  46  it out. When he got out, the other frogs said, “Did you not  47  us?” The frog explained to them that he was  48 . He thought they were  49  him the whole time.
    This story teaches two lessons: ① There is power of life and death in the  50 . An encouraging word to someone who is  51  can lift them up and help them make it through the day. ② A destructive word to someone who is down can be  52  it takes to kill them. Be  53  of what you say. Speak life to those who cross your path.
    The  54  of words is great. It is sometimes hard to understand  55  an encouraging word can go such a long way. Anyone can speak words that tend to rob another of the spirit to continue in difficult times.
    小题1:
    A．jumped overB．keep peace withC．came downD．gathered around
    小题2:
    A．bigB．deepC．dangerousD．wide
    小题3:
    A．deadB．confusedC．quietD．safe
    小题4:
    A．toleratedB．understoodC．ignoredD．confirmed
    小题5:
    A．promisedB．triedC．managedD．agreed
    小题6:
    A．keptB．enjoyedC．finishedD．stopped
    小题7:
    A．lived up toB．paid attention to
    C．got used toD．pushed ahead with
    小题8:
    A．slowedB．wentC．climbedD．fell
    小题9:
    A．hardlyB．difficultC．hardD．difficultly
    小题10:
    A．painB．diseaseC．fearD．competition
    小题11:
    A．workedB．turnedC．leftD．made
    小题12:
    A．followB．hearC．recognizeD．consider
    小题13:
    A．deafB．blindC．honestD．clever
    小题14:
    A．respectingB．comfortingC．encouragingD．beating
    小题15:
    A．societyB．communicationC．tongueD．misunderstanding
    小题16:
    A．downB．angryC．awayD．up
    小题17:
    A．whoB．that C．whichD．what
    小题18:
    A．proudB．careful C．afraidD．free
    小题19:
    A．functionB．energyC．powerD．skill
    小题20:
    A．whatB．thatC．howD．when

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    I’m a teacher. But there are days, like today, when I wonder why. The results of an English quiz taken by my fifth-graders were depressing. Despite my best efforts, the world of pronouns remains a mystery to them. How I wish there were a way to make the study of our language as exciting as a computer game, so the glazed (目光呆滞) looks would not appear in their eyes at the mention of the word “grammar.” I remember my husband’s words: “Why don’t you quit? You’d probably make more money by doing something else, and you wouldn’t have papers to grade every night.”
    Tonight I have a stack of papers to grade, which I promised my students I would return tomorrow. But a friend, whom I haven’t seen in a year, is visiting from Belgium, and I told her I would keep this evening free.
    Sitting in traffic behind a distant stoplight, it’s hard not to replay the day. A voice reports the body of a local youngster, missing for weeks, has been identified.
    This missing child has had a deep effect on my students. They wondered, “If it happened to her, could it happen to me?”
    My children had found the answer themselves. They got out their pencils, markers and made cards. Cards were written with words of compassion and love for a mother and father they didn’t know. Cards were filled with red hearts, golden crosses, flowers and angels. Their cards, intended to comfort others, comforted the children themselves by leading them past the anxiety, back into the world of security (安全) that should be theirs.
    And then I remember why I’m still teaching. It’s the children. They’re more important than a lifetime filled with quiet evenings and more valuable than a pocket filled with money. My classroom, a child-filled world of discovery, of kindness and of caring is the real world.
    It’s time to call my friend. I have promises to keep. She’ll understand. After all, she’s a teacher.
    小题1:The writer wonders why she is a teacher because _____.
    A．her students often play games in class
    B．teaching is not a well-paid job
    C．her students feel bored with grammar
    D．she feels frustrated at teaching
    小题2: The students’ attitude to the missing child’s parents might be that of _____.
    A．doubtB．unconcern C．sympathy D．tolerance
    小题3:What is the most important according to the writer?
    A．A pocket filled with money.
    B．The kind and caring children.
    C．A lifetime filled with quiet evenings.
    D．The freedom to control her own time.
    小题4:What promise will the writer keep?
    A．To grade papers that night.B．To help a student with homework.
    C．To accept her husband’s advice.D．To meet her old friend.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    However important we may regard school life to be, there is always the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the teacher should realize that parents have a great influence on their children. Parents can become strong allies (助手) of the school or they can get in the way of the school education.
    Experts have realized the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many headmasters have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness, program writing and mathematics to parents.
    Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors(管理者), can also play an important part in giving more knowledge to reporting pupils progress, teachers can help parents a lot in educating their children and parents can give much help to teachers.
    Suppose that a father has been drilling Junior arithmetic lessons night after night. In a friendly talk between the teacher and the father, the teacher can help the parent to make Junior interested in it. He might be persuaded to let Junior join in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a ruler or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating the distance of a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.
    If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to say that he will soon realize that his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work.
    Too often, however, teachers’ talks with parents are devoted to small accounts of children’s misdemeanors(不良行为). They talk about the laziness and poor work habits of the children.
    What is needed is a more creative way in which the teacher, as an adviser, plants ideas in parents’ minds to make sure that the child spends the many hours out of the classroom learning something useful.
    In this way the school and the home join forces in educating children.
    小题1:The main idea of the passage is that ____.
    A．home training is more important than school training
    B．parents should help their children to do their homework
    C．there’re many ways in which the mathematics program can be carried out at home
    D．teachers can and should help parents to use better ways to teach their children
    小题2:From this passage we can know that the writer ____.
    A．is satisfied with the relationship between school and home
    B．feels that parent-teacher talks can be made much more constructive
    C．believes that schools can’t teach pupils well
    D．calls on parents to teach their children mathematics at home
    小题3:What way that the writer doesn’t talk about can improve the present situation?
    A．Classes for parents.B．New type of report card.
    C．Parent-teacher talk. D．Dinner or party.
    小题4:The writer implies that ____.
    A．interesting activities can improve one’s achievement
    B．too many children are lazy and have poor work habits
    C．teachers should often make home visits to parents
    D．headmasters do more than teachers in this area
    小题5:We can infer from the passage that the writer does not favor ____.
    A．father’s helping his son with his study
    B．written reports to the parents from the teachers
    C．talking about children’s shortcomings
    D．having the parents help their children with their lessons

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Kids who receive special education are, without doubt, the hardest working children in any school. When they are having difficulty learning basic literacy and number concepts, when they break rules, when they need more services, support and adult attention than their peers, then they are struggling the hardest. In psychology, we are trained to think that if we are feeling angry or confused when sitting with a patient, then we are probably feeling just what our patient is feeling. The same is true for students with disabilities. Whatever we feel when we work with them, they are probably feeling as they work with us.
    If you have a disability that affects your education, then you have a brain disorder. Because education, even in mathematics, is largely verbal（用言辞）, most brain disorders responsible for educational disabilities affect language, and how you process words and ideas in written and oral form. To imagine how much effort a child with a language disability spends each school day, imagine yourself attending a school today taught in a language you had a basic understanding of. Imagine though, that while you seem fluent to others, you have trouble when people talk too fast, use idioms or expressions.
    When adults and classmates blame, or criticize kids who receive special education, they are struggling with their own confusion. It is difficult to imagine the world as it is lived by someone with an educational disability. It is difficult to understand how someone who can be so "normal" can have so many problems. It is so easy to imagine that if they just tried harder... without understanding that just to do the ordinary, kids with disabilities are making an extraordinary effort.
    小题1:What is the purpose of the author by writing the passage?
    A．to introduce how hard to be a special education teacher.
    B．to think highly of the children with disabilities.
    C．to show the disabled have much trouble in understanding.
    D．to call on the society to care for the disabled.
    小题2: If a disabled kid learns number concepts, he __________.
    A．won’t work as hard as a normal.
    B．will work double as hard as a normal.
    C．will be as patient as the normal.
    D．will think of his disability first.
    小题3:If a kid has a disability affecting his education, he will ________.
    A．have a hard time using the language.
    B．be too foolish to learn maths .
    C．not understand what others are saying.
    D．have a lot of trouble in remembering words.
    小题4:Before you intend to blame a kid receiving special education, __________.
    A．you should try to understand what he is saying.
    B．you should imagine the world he lives in.
    C．you should imagine yourself in his shoes.
    D．you should think of the education he has received.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Good Genes Mean Long Life
    Scientists have discovered that living to the age of 100 may have nothing to do with the lifestyle you lead and everything to do with the type of genes you have.
    For the lucky carriers of “Methuselah” genes, worries over smoking, eating unhealthily and not getting enough exercise may not be as necessary as to those of us without the special gene pattern (组合).
    The “Methuselah” genes could give extra protection against the diseases of old age such as cancer and heart disease. They could also protect people against the effects of the unhealthy lifestyles that we believe will lead us to an early death, scientists say. However, the genes are very rare.
    The genes include ADIPOQ, which is found in about 10 percent of young people but in nearly 30 percent of people living past 100. They also include the CETP and the ApoC3 genes, which are found in 10 percent of young people, but in about 20 percent of people over 100 years old.
    Some of those genes were discovered by a research group at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, led by Professor Nir Barzilai. The team studied the genes of over 500 people over 100 years old, and their children.
    The studies show that tiny mutations (变异) in the make-up of some genes can greatly increase a person’s lifespan (寿命). Barzilai told a Royal Society conference that the discovery of such genes gave scientists clear targets for developing drugs that could prevent age-related diseases, allow people to live longer and stay healthy.
    David Gems, a researcher at University College London, believes that drugs to slow ageing will become widespread.
    “If we know which genes control longevity (长寿) then we can … target them with drugs. That makes it possible to slow down ageing,” he told The Times.
    “Much of the pain and suffering in the world are caused by ageing. If we can find a way to reduce that, then we are obliged (义不容辞的) to take it.”
    小题1:According to the article, which of the following is the most important if a person is to live to the age of 100?
    A．Eating healthy food every day.B．Having the right types of genes.
    C．Having a healthy lifestyle.D．Taking drugs that prevent ageing.
    小题2:According to the article, the ApoC3 gene is found in ________ of people over 100 years old.
    A．10% B．20%C．30% D．50%
    小题3:Which of the following statements is TRUE of the research led by Professor Nir Barzilai?
    A．The team studied the genes of over 100 people over 100 years of age.
    B．The researchers found that mutations in certain genes lead to longer life.
    C．The researchers found ways to develop drugs that could cure age-related diseases.
    D．The study suggested that most people have genes that could lengthen their lives.
    小题4: According to David Gems, ________.
    A．drugs to slow ageing will be very expensive
    B．modern science will be able to find more longevity genes
    C．it is the duty of medical scientists to fight the problems of ageing
    D．scientists can make new genes that will allow longer life

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