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    How to Beat On-line Credit-card Thieves
    The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit-card fraud. Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal web site.
    Web sites offering cheap services should be regarded with care. On-line shoppers who enter their credit-card information may never receive the goods they thought they bought.
    The thieves then go shopping with your card number--- or sell the information over internet.
    Computers hackers（黑客） have broken down security（安全） systems raising questions about the safety of cardholder information. Several months ago, 25,000 customers of CD Universe, and on-line music retailer（批发商）, were not lucky. Their name, addresses and credit-card numbers were posted on a web site after the retailer refused to pay US $157,828 to get back the information.
    Credit-card firms are now fighting against on-line fraud. Master-card is working on plans for Web-only credit card, with a lower credit limit. The card could be used only for shopping on-line. However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated.
    Ask about your credit-firm’s on-line rules. Under British law, cardholders are responsible for the first US $78 of any fraudulent spending.
    And shop only at secure sites: Send your credit-card information only if the web site offers advanced secure system. If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom right-hand corner of your screen. The web site address may also start the extra “s” stands for secure.
    If you still have any doubt, give your credit-card information over the telephone.
    Keep your password safe: Most on-line sites require a user name and password before placing an order. Treat your password with care.
    小题1:What do most people worry about the Internet according to this passage?
    A．fraud on the InternetB．computer hackers
    C．illegal web siteD．shopping on line
    小题2:How many pieces of advice does the passage give to you?
    A．1B．2C．3D．4
    小题3:You are shopping on the web and you want to buy a TV set, what does this article suggest doing?
    A．You can go to the website and buy it without doubt.
    B．Send your credit card information as soon as the web asks you to do so.
    C．Give your credit card information over telephone if you have doubt.
    D．Don’t pay money until your TV set is sent to you.
    小题4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
    A．Computer hackers sold the retailer’s information to a web site to get money.
    B．A reliable website offers you an advanced secure system.
    C．You can depend on the password to protect your information.
    D．The on-line credit-card thieves stole your credit-card and paid with it.

    小题1:A
    小题2:D
    小题3:C
    小题4:B
    文章讲解的是如何防止网络欺骗行为，及给出的一些建议
    小题1:主旨大意题 根据文章第一段就可知是与网络欺骗行为有关。
    小题2:细节理解题 根据文章最后四段可知，给了四个建议防止被骗
    小题3:推理判断题 根据文章倒数第二段 If you still have any doubt, give your credit-card information over the telephone的建议可知选C
    小题4:推理判断题，根据倒数第三段And shop only at secure sites: Send your credit-card information only if the web site offers advanced secure system可知，能提供高级的安全系统的网站是安全的，可靠的，
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    小题1:Mirror neurons can explain         .
    A．why we cry when we are hurt
    B．why we cough when we suffer from a cold
    C．why we smile when we see someone else smile
    D．why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late
    小题2:The underlined word "triggered" in the third paragraph probably means “  ”
    A．set offB．cut offC．built upD．broken up
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    B．control human physical actions and feelings
    C．result in bad behavior and social disorders
    D．determine our knowledge and language abilities
    小题4:What is the passage mainly about?
    A．Ways to find mirror neurons.
    B．Problems of mirror neurons.
    C．Existence of mirror neurons.
    D．Functions of mirror neurons.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

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    小题1:The Solar Plug­In Station is used as part of the bid to host the Olympics mainly because ________.
    A．it’s environmentally friendly
    B．it makes up for the lack of electricity
    C．it’s a new idea and attracts people’s attention
    D．it brings convenience to electric vehicle users
    小题2:We can learn from the passage that ________.
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    B．the Solar Plug­In Station will come into use in 2016
    C．the Solar Plug­In Station has gone on show internationally
    D．Chicago is promoting the use of electric vehicles
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    b. The Solar Plug­In Station uses solar power to charge all of the cars.
    c. Chicago is a city，which is rich in oil.
    d. The Solar Plug­In Station consists of underground battery packs.
    e. Scott Emalfarb is optimistic about the future of plug­in electric vehicles.
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    B．Chicago Calls on People to Buy Electric Vehicles
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Light for the City
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    小题1:The generators they brought with them could produce as much as electricity as ______ needed.
    A．Edison’s buildingB．a small part of the city
    C．the whole cityD．the world
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    B．produce several large generators
    C．dig the deep trenches
    D．lay fourteen miles of wire into the trench
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

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    The new work by Sonya M. Kahlenberg and Richard W. Wrangham, described this week in the journal Current Biology, provides the first evidence of a wild non­human species playing with dolls, as well as the first known sex difference in a wild animal’s choice of playthings.
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    A．She gives them to her child to play with.
    B．She treats them as dolls.
    C．She makes useful tools from them.
    D．She treats them as weapons.
    小题2: What causes the different toy selection of chimpanzees, according to the passage?
    A．Sex difference.B．Socialization.
    C．Environment. D．Cultural difference.
    小题3:We can infer from the fourth paragraph that ________.
    A．socialization has nothing to do with human’s choice of playthings
    B．sex difference is the only factor in human’s choice of playthings
    C．the biology factor may also influence toy choice
    D．people choose different toys in different cultures
    小题4:It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
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    B．different factors cause humans and chimpanzees to choose different playthings
    C．only female chimpanzees have playthings
    D．chimpanzees usually choose playthings for their children

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for cars, a study has shown. The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences.
    Psychologists Dr Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 babies aged 9 months to 36 months. The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys. Some were typically boys’ toys ---- a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy. The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set. They were placed a meter away from the toys；and could pick whichever toy they liked their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.
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    Dr Brenda Todd said, “Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization. Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer: moving objects, probably through hunting instincts（本能）, while girls prefer warmer colors such as pink, the colour of a newborn baby.”                                
    小题1:Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because ________.
    A．baby boys are much more active
    B．baby girls like bright colours more
    C．their parents treat them differently
    D．there is a natural difference between them
    小题2:Both baby boys and baby girls like to play with ________ according to the study.
    A．a ballB．a teddyC．a carD．a doll
    小题3:What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
    A．Nine-month-old baby boys don’t play with dolls at all.
    B．Two-year-old baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls.
    C．The older the babies are, the more obvious their preference is.
    D．Parents should teach their babies to share each other’s toys.
    小题4:What conclusion did Dr. Brenda Todd draw from the results of the study?
    A．Adults purposely influence their babies’ preference.
    B．Babies’ preference isn’t affected by social surroundings.
    C．Baby boys preferring to moving toys will be good at hunting.
    D．Baby girls preferring warmer colors will be warm-hearted.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphone, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful---both in school and in life.
    Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
    Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks---both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
    In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.
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    “In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”
    小题1:What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?
    A．The absence of blackboard in classroom.
    B．The use of new technologies in teaching.
    C．The lack of practice in handwriting.
    D．The popular use of smartphones.
    小题2:Berninger’s study published in 2009 ___________.
    A．focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer.
    B．indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper.
    C．found that good essays are made up of long sentences.
    D．discussed the importance of writing speed.
    小题3:Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?
    A．Spelling improves one’s memory of words.
    B．Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.
    C．Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.
    D．Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.
    小题4:What does “mind’s eye” in paragraph 5 mean?
    A．Window.B．SoulC．Picture.D．Imagination.
    小题5:What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?
    A．Computers can help people with their choice of words.
    B．Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.
    C．Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms.
    D．Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted（预测）in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.
    Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.
    Increased carbon dioxide（CO2）in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.
    “Predicting species’ reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,” said the researches of several U.S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.
    The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated（低估）the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.
    “Across all species, the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance — for both leafing and flowering — that results from temperature increases,” the study said.
    The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.
    Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis（光合作用）to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
    Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900, and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.
    So far, efforts to cut emissions（排放）of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century — a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.
    小题1:What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?
    A．Plants’ reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystem.
    B．The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’ expectation.
    C．Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.
    D．Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.
    小题2:We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that ______.
    A．plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing
    B．there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents
    C．scientists should improve the design of the experiments
    D．the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change
    小题3:Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because _______.
    A．they can prove the climate change clearly
    B．they are very important in the food chains
    C．they play a leading role in reducing global warming
    D．they are growing and flowering much faster than before
    小题4:What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?
    A．It has risen nearly 0.2℃ since 1979.
    B．Its change will lead to weather extremes.
    C．It is 0.8℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1990.
    D．It needs to be controlled within 2℃ in this century.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few obvious benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.
    Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup (基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.
    Nearly every successful civilization(文明) has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.
    Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潜在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions(物质财产). Knowledge or techniques have been gained through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products (副产品) of technological developments in the space industry!
    While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.
    While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive(适应的) ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.
    小题1:Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1?
    A．To express his doubts.
    B．To compare different ideas.
    C．To introduce points for discussion.
    D．To describe the conditions on Earth.
    小题2:What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2?
    A．Humans are nature-born to do so.
    B．Humans have the tendency to fight.
    C．Humans may find new sources of food.
    D．Humans don't like to stay in the same place.
    小题3:The underlined word "spin-offs" in Paragraph 4 probably refers to______.
    A．survival chancesB．potential resources
    C．unexpected benefitsD．physical possessions
    小题4:What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?
    A．Our genetic makeup.B．Resources on the earth.
    C．The adaptive ability of humans. D．By-products in space exploration.
    小题5:What does the writer want to tell us in the passage?
    A．Space exploration has created many wonders.
    B．Space exploration provided the best value for money.
    C．Space exploration can benefit science and technology.
    D．The Exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.

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