American society is not nap (午睡)-friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, “There’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep”. Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: “Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven.”
Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. “We have to totally change our attitude toward napping,” says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research.
Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an “American sleep debt” which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, President Clinton is trying to take a ha1f-hour snooze (瞌睡) every afternoon.
About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have “a mid afternoon quiet phase,” also called “a secondary sleep gate.” Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.
We Superstars of Snooze don't nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift.Rather, we “snack” on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.
【小题1】It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is .
| A．unreasonable | B．criminal | C．harmful | D．costly |
| A．don't like to take naps |
| B．are terribly worried about their national debt |
| C．sleep less than is good for them |
| D．have caused many industrial and traffic accidents |
| A．warn us of the wickedness of napping |
| B．explain the danger of sleepiness |
| C．discuss the side effects of napping |
| D．convince the reader of the necessity of napping |
| A．the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleep |
| B．the new sleep policy of the Clinton Administration |
| C．the rapid development of American industry |
| D．the Americans' worry about the danger of sleepiness |
| A．preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shift |
| B．good practice to eat something light before we go to bed |
| C．essential to make up for cost sleep |
| D．natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it |
【小题1】A
【小题2】C
【小题3】D
【小题4】A
【小题5】D
解析试题分析：文章讲述了美国传统观念是不允许午睡的，但是最近的研究表明午睡对于美国人是非常重要，美国的睡眠缺失现象非常严重，作者呼吁午睡是一种天性，无论何时何地只要感觉困了就应该小睡一会。
【小题1】推断题。由第一段，美国人不喜欢午睡，事实上，宾夕法尼亚大学医学院睡眠专家David Dinges说，“甚至有一个禁令不允许我们需要睡眠。在工作的时候，没有人愿意被发现在打瞌睡或在睡觉。引用一个谚语：有的人睡5个小时，正常情况需7个小时，懒惰者需9个小时，堕落者需11个小时。由此可知，美国人认为过多的失眠是不合理的。并不是罪恶的，有害的，昂贵的。故答案为A
【小题2】推断题。美国人都普遍缺乏睡眠，他们的睡眠欠缺和国债一样不可小觑。可见，美国认为睡眠少对他们有益，这样可以做更多的事情。故答案为C
【小题3】主旨题。由第二段The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. We have to totally change our attitude toward napping。工作时不睡着的方法是当你困的时候就小睡一下，我们必须完全改变我们对于小睡的态度。可知，本文的意图是使读者认识到小睡的必要性。故答案为D
【小题4】细节题。由第一段可知，美国人不重视午睡，没有人想在工作时被发现在打盹或睡着了，还有一句俗语来抨击午睡，可见是传统观念在误导着他们。故选A
【小题5】推断题。由最后一段，睡觉是我们的一部分，无论何时，何地，我自己在公交车里，汽车，飞机，船上，在床上，图书馆，办公室，博物馆里都可以小睡。可知，本段是要告诉我们不论何时，当我们需要休息的时候，就应该小睡一会。故答案为D
考点：夹叙夹议
点评：夹叙夹议的材料是近几年高考阅读理解的常考题型，学生对此类夹叙夹议的文章，如果生词多就不知道如何作答了。遇到类似情况可以重点看作者所发表的议论，把握好作者的感情色彩，是褒义还是贬义。本文文脉清晰，题目设置不难，答题时需要仔细对照原文和题目的选项，把握好作者是非常支持午睡的这一点。
科目：高中英语 来源：2010甘肃省河西各校高三第一次联考英语试题 题型：阅读理解
China is having such a huge influence on the United States that many Americans are struggling to learn the Chinese language in a bid to keep competitive.
"Interest in learning Chinese am
ong American youth and their parents has grown quickly in the past five years," said Vivien Stewart, vice president at the Asia Society. China's quick rise to near-superpower and its effects politically, economically and culturally are driving the American's interest to learn the language, experts say. From kindergartens to high schools, studies by the Asia Society show, there is a "rapid rise" in interest among pupils to study the Chinese language.
"The Chinese rich cultural traditions and blossoming economy mean that it is now important for all of our students to be better prepared," said Michael Levine, Asia Society's executive director of education. A survey found that 2,400 high students—an unbelievable high number—would be interested in offering the Advanced Placement(AP) courses in Chinese language and culture when the courses become available in 2006.
China, the world's most populous nation, is important to the United States because it is a leading trader, consumer and investor. Its political influence is also rising across the world. It has replaced the United States as the world's largest consumer and could become the second largest economy in the world, after the United States, in the next two to three decades.
Even though the US State Department has described the Chinese language "critical" to national prosperity and security, "the current facilities to support recruitment (招募)of students and teachers as well as the growth of high quality programs is terribly not enough," an Asia Society study says. The Society has set an aim of having at least five percent of American high school students learning Chinese by 2015.
"Millions of Chinese are learning English, but only 24,000 Americans are learning Chinese," said Andrew Corcoran of the San Francisco-based Chinese American International School. The most popular languages after English in US schools at present are Spanish and French while Japanese is the most popular Asian language.
53. The underlined word blossoming (Para. 3) means _________.
A. developed B. developing C. old D. weak
54. Why do more and more Americans begin to learn the Chinese language?
A. To keep competitive. B. To gain advantage in trade.
C. Because they are always interested in it.
D. To
be a bridge between the two big countries.
55. What problem is the US faced with when it comes to learning Chinese?
A. Too many Chinese are learning English.
B. Not many people want to learn foreign languages.
C. The language is rather difficult compared with English.
D. A lack in current facilities to support recruitment of students and teachers and programs.
56. What is the best title for this passage?
A. Danger from China
B. Foreign Language Learning
C. The Chinese Language gets More Popular
D. Difficulties in Learning the Chinese Language
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科目：高中英语 来源：2011黑龙江哈九中高三第三次模拟英语试卷 题型：阅读理解
In Daniel Gilbert’s 2006 book "Stumbling(跌撞) on Happiness," the Harvard professor of psychology looks at several studies and concludes that marital(婚姻的) satisfaction decreases after the birth of the first child and increases only when the last child has left home. He also declares that parents are happier grocery shopping and even sleeping than spending time with their kids.
The most recent comprehensive study on the emotional state of those with kids shows us that the term "bundle of joy" may not be the most accurate way to describe our kids. "Parents experience lower levels of emotional well-being, less frequent positive emotions and more frequent negative emotions than their childless peers," says Florida State University’s Robin Simon, a sociology professor.
Simon received plenty of hate mail in response to her research，which isn’t surprising. Her findings shake the very foundation of what we’ve been raised to believe is true. In a recent NEWSWEEK Poll, 50 percent of Americans said that adding new children to the family tends to increase happiness levels. But which parent is willing to admit that the greatest gift life has to offer has in fact made his or her life less enjoyable?
Is it possible that American parents have always been this disillusioned(有幻觉的)? In pre-industrial America, parents certainly loved their children, but their kids also served a purpose—to work the farm, contribute to the household. Today, we have kids more for emotional reasons, but an increasingly complicated work and social environment has made finding satisfaction far more difficult. Raising children has not only become more complicated, it has become more expensive as well. The National Marriage Project’s 2006 report says that parents have significantly lower marital satisfaction than nonparents because they experienced more single and child-free years than previous generations.
As for those of us with kids, all the news isn’t bad. Parents still report feeling a greater sense of purpose and meaning in their lives than those who’ve never had kids. And there are other rewarding aspects of parenting that are impossible to quantify.
【小题1】.
What’s the main idea of the book Stumbling on Happiness?
| A．Parents are happier shopping than looking after their children. |
| B．Once they have children, the couples can never be as happy as before. |
| C．Compared with their childless peers, parents are leading a sad life. |
| D．The adding of children at home brings down marital satisfaction. |
| A．The Newsweek Poll shows that people think Prof. Simon’s finding is right. |
| B．Many people can’t accept the fact that they are not happy with their children. |
| C．It isn’t surprising that Professor Simon’s controversial research made her famous. |
| D．Simon’s findings are based on the belief passed down from generation to generation. |
| A．People had very good parents-children relationship in the family. |
| B．Having children could be partly out of some practical purposes. |
| C．Parents loved their children but they still asked them to work a lot. |
| D．Children had to work very hard to make their parents love them. |
| A．The author doesn’t think having children is a good thing to the family. |
| B．The author feels children make the life of a family happy. |
| C．The author thinks parenting can still be rewarding in a certain way. |
| D．The author believes that parents sacrifice a lot for having children. |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届重庆市高一上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
In countries around the world, food has been used to celebrate at our holidays, our rituals and our family gatherings. The food eaten at holiday time has made the deepest impact on our culture and memories. Different holidays bring different types of food. Much of the food we eat during the holidays comes from old traditions handed down for hundreds of years.
New Year's Eve always brings parties and get-togethers, but where you live in the world may determine what food graces your table. In the southern US, partiers eat black eyed peas, which are thought to bring good luck and prosperity(繁荣). The Japanese also eat food for good luck on New Year's, but their choice is red snapper, the color red being considered good luck in Japan. The Jewish celebrate New Year by eating apples dipped in honey and in Madrid, Spain the last minutes of the New Year are counted down with the popping of grapes into the mouth. A pet is a cake prepared by the Greek with a coin baked into it. The person who gets the slice of cake with the coin in it should have good luck in the upcoming year.
In the United States, a typical Christmas feast can contain a variety of foods ranging from turkey to chicken, from ham to goose, but other countries celebrate this holiday differently. Perhaps these choices have been taken from the traditions of our heritage(遗产). In Denmark, a traditional Christmas meal is roast goose, Greece, leg of lamb. Traditionally, Italians keep their Christmas Eve meal meatless. The traditional Christmas dinner in New Zealand is a picnic eaten on the beach.
Though holidays around the world are celebrated in different ways, it is food, feast and family that bring us together.
1.According to the passage, in different holidays people usually ______.
A. have different kinds of food to eat
B. recall the interesting life when they were young
C. have a wide variety of parties.
D. get together to play games.
2.All the following can bring people good luck except_____.
A. a cake with a coin
B. red snapper
C. black eyed peas
D. apples dipped in honey.
3.We can know from the third paragraph that ______.
A. roast goose is American’s favorite food during Christmas
B. people in Denmark and Greece share the same food during Christmas
C. Italians don’t have meat during Christmas
D. people in New Zealand like playing games on the beach
4.Which of the following can be the main idea of the passage?
A. Holiday foods vary from culture to culture.
B. Different countries have different cultures.
C. People have a good appetite during holiday.
D. Different foods are served during Christmas.
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科目：高中英语 来源：安徽省09-10学年度高一下学期期中考试英语试卷 题型：阅读理解
E
It is often difficult for visitors to understand Americans lack of desire for privacy(隐私) . They are not a nation of walled gardens and closed gates. Their yards normally run into one another without fences, they often visit one another’s homes without being invited or telephoning first, they leave their office doors open while they work.
Their lack of desire for privacy probable results from their history as a nation. America is a big country. There have never been walled cities in the United States, nor was there the need for Americans to protect themselves from neighboring states. During the early years, America had so few settlers that neighbors were very important, they were not to be shut out by doors and fences. Neighbors offered protection and helped in the hard work of settling the land. They depended upon each other.
From the nation’s early history has come the desire for openness rather than privacy. Visitors will notice this desire in a number of small ways, there may be rooms in American homes that do not have doors or that have glass walls. If you notice that people forget to close your door when they leave your room, do not think that this is rude, help them to learn that you would like it to be closed, or else become used to new ways. In either case, be patient with the differences.
72. According to the passage, visitors to America sometimes have difficultyunderstanding _____.
A .Americans’ openness B. American’s lack of desire for privacy
C. Americans’ way of home D. American’s style of life
73. During the early years, people were never shut out by doors because _________.
A. they were neighbors B. they were friends
C. they depended on each other D. they got used to that
74. Visitors will notice American’s desire for openness in a way ___________.
A .they walled their houses with glass
B. they leave the office doors open while working
C. they never have fence
D. they depended upon each other
75. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A .No Walled Cities. B. The Early Settlers
C. Americans’ Lack of Desire for Privacy D. be Patient with Differences
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科目：高中英语 来源：2011-2012学年山东省高三上学期期末冲刺英语试题 题型：阅读理解
After moving to the United States , immigrant groups trying to fit in tend to choose high calorie fatty foods in an attempt to appear more American , a new study finds . That’s one reason why immigrants approach US levels of obesity within 15 years of moving to America.
The researchers also did an experiment that measured whether or not the threat of appearing un-American influenced respondents’ food choices . After being questioned about their ability to speak English , 75 percent of Asian-Americans identified a typical American food as their favorite. Only 25 percent of Asian-Americans who had not been asked if they spoke English did the same.
When their American identiy was called into question during a follow-up study, Asian-American participants also tended to choose typical American dishes , such as hamburgers and cheese sand wiches In that experiment , 55 Asian-Americans were asked to choose a meal from a local Asian or American restaurant . Some participants were told that only Americans could participate in the study. Those who chose the more typical American fare ended up consuming an extra 182 calories , including 12grams of fat and 7 grams of saturated fat(饱和脂肪).
“People who feel like they need to prove they belong to a culture will change their habits in an attempt to fit in , ”said Sauna Cheryan ,an anthor of the study and assistant professor of psychology at the University of Washington.” If immigrants and their children choose unhealthy American foods over healthier traditional foods across their lives , this process of fitting in could lead to poorer health .Cheryan added.
Social pressures , the study concluded , are at the heart of the problem. “In American society today , being American is associated with being white . Americans , who don’t fit this image even if they were born here and speak English , feel that pressure to prove that they’re American,” said Cheryan.
1.The author wants to show that .
A.more and more Asians enjoy high-calorie snacks
B.immigrants tend to eat American junk food to fit in
C.most Americans are at the risk of heart disease
D.all the American people have a bad eating habit
2.According to the survey, .
A.Asian-Americans care less about their health
B.25 percent of Americans like junk food
C.choosing food is related to Asian-American’s situation
D.immigrants are forced to eat junk food
3.The underlined word “fare” in Paragraph 4 most probably means “ ”.
A.food offered as a meal B.a person taking a taxi
C.money spent on food D.an arranged thing to do
4.According to Sauna Cheryan, .
A.what immigrants have done is ridiculous
B.American traditional foods are healthier
C.immigrants risk their health in order to fit in
D.American culture affects immigrants deeply
5.Which of the following should take the blame for the bad eating habit?
A.The situation of employment. B.The traditional culture.
C.The American government. D.The pressures from society.
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