Question

【题目】根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。Look into hunters' eyes
Have you ever been face to face with a cat or a sheep? If you have,you probably noticed that cats narrow their eyes to vertical (垂直的) slits (狭缝),while sheep have horizontal pupils (瞳孔).
Why is the difference?
Scientists from the Universities of California Berkeley and Durham in Britain may have the answer. Their research, published recently in the journal Science Advances, suggested that pupils' shapes could tell whether an animal is a hunter or gets hunted.
The researchers took a close look at the eyes of 214 land animals.The challenge was to see if they could find a relationship between an animal's role in the food chain and the pupils' shapes.
They found a pattern. Species with pupils that are vertical slits are more likely to be small ambush predators (捕猎者) – creatures that lie in wait for their lunch.In contrast,those with horizontal pupils are more likely to be plant-eating prey (猎物) species.
Evolution chose the arrangement for a good reason.For hunters such as household cats,it appears that vertical pupils not only improve their ability to keep track of moving objects like mice,but also maximize (使最大化) their ability to judge the distances of the animals they hunt.
However, an interesting discovery from the study is that the slit pupils are mostly linked to hunters that are close to the ground. Therefore, bigger cats who actively hunt down their prey, like tigers and lions, don't have slit pupils.
On the other hand, for plant-eating prey animals, horizontal pupils give them a wider field of vision.When stretched (伸展) horizontally,the pupils allow for more light to enter from the front, back, and sides. Meanwhile, they also limit the amount of light from the sun above so the animal can see the ground better.“ Once they do find a predator,they need to see where they are running,” said leading researcher Martin Banks,a UC Berkeley professor of optometry (视光学).“They have to see well enough out of the corner of their eye to run quickly and jump over things.”
But what happens when they bend down to eat? Researchers checked this by watching prey animals in the Oakland Zoo in California, US. They believe that when goats lower their heads to eat,their eyes rotate (旋转) to keep their pupils horizontal.
So it seems that the eyes are indeed the window to the soul!
（1）What is the article mainly about?
A.How animals keep track of moving objects.
B.Why animals have evolved with different shaped pupils.
C.How animals change their pupils' shape when hunting for food.
D.How the pupils' shape influences an animal's ability to detect a predator.
（2）According to the study, slit pupils ______.
A.help to provide a wider field of vision
B.are more likely to belong to big predators
C.are more likely to belong to those to get hunted
D.provide the sharpest way to judge hunting distance
（3）What can we conclude from the article about plant-eating prey animals?
A.Their pupils allow more light to be received from both above and below.
B.Their pupils are able to help them scan their surroundings for threats.
C.Once they detect a predator,their eyes rotate to help them find where to run.
D.When they lower their heads to eat,they narrow their eyes to vertical slits.

Answer 1

【答案】
（1）B
（2）D
（3）B
【解析】这是一个科普文，通过对不同类型的动物他们的眼睛的瞳孔形状不同的研究，科学家们发现眼睛代表着他们在食物链中的角色，并且不同的瞳孔形状，功能不同，证明了“眼睛是心灵的窗户”这句话。
（1）主旨大意。根据第四段的研究结果pupils' shapes could tell whether an animal is a hunter or gets hunted.可知本文主要是在说明不同的瞳孔形状能分别出来是猎手还是猎物，并且从进化论的角度进行了分析，解释了为什么动物们有着不同的瞳孔形状，所以答案是B。
（2）推理判断。根据第八段it appears that vertical pupils not only improve their ability to keep track of moving objects like mice,but also maximize (使最大化) their ability to judge the distances of the animals they hunt.可知slit pupils能够将他们的能力最大化来判断他们要捕的猎物和他们之间的距离，所以答案是D。
（3）推理判断。根据倒数第三段for plant-eating prey animals, horizontal pupils give them a wider field of vision.以及They have to see well enough out of the corner of their eye to run quickly and jump over things.可知这些食草动物的瞳孔会让他们有更广阔的视野，也可以让他们从各个角度观察情况，一旦有危险就可以立刻快速逃跑并且越过障碍物，因此答案为B。