Question

Would you want a doctor who got high marks in medical school just for trying hard? Apparently many college students would have no problem with that. They believe students are owed a good grade simply because they put a lot of effort into a class.
The researchers asked more than 800 undergraduates if they agreed or disagreed with some statements. For example: "If I have completed most of the reading for a class, I deserve a B in that course." And: "A professor should not be annoyed with me if I receive an important call during class."
Just 16 percent thought it was OK to take that phone call. But 66 percent agreed that a professor should consider effort and not just the quality of a student's work when deciding grades. And 40 percent thought they should get a B, the second highest mark, just because they did most of the reading for class.
Some experts are not surprised that students often see no difference between effort and results. Social critics like to say that in children's activities these days everyone gets an award just for trying, so no one will feel rejected.
Yet competition to get into the best colleges is fiercer than ever. Students may worry that low grades will keep them out of graduate school or a good job.
And there may be another explanation: pressure from parents to get a good return on the family's investment. These days, college can cost more than a house.
A former teaching assistant recently wrote to the New York Times about his experience with grade expectations. He would try to explain it this way when students asked for a top grade just for studying hard in chemistry class:
What if a baseball player came to spring training and worked harder than all the others, but still could not play well? Would the team accept him anyway, just because he tried so hard?
The students would say no. But most of them would still ask for an A.
小题1:What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．How students can get a good grade in the course.

B．Whether students are allowed to answer calls in class.

C．Whether students deserve high marks just for trying hard.

D．Why students put a lot of efforts in their studies.

小题2:According to the research, most of the students _______.
A. thought it was all right to answer the call during class.
B. objected to deciding grades only by the quality of a student’s work.
C. thought they did most of the work for class and should get a B.
D. agreed that they should be given top grades because of their hard work.
小题3: Which of the following opinions do social critics agree to about children’s activities?

A．Those who are active in the activities can get an award.

B．Only by playing an important role in the activities can you get an award.

C．An award is prepared for anyone who performs best in the activities.

D．Whoever takes part in the activities can get an award.

小题4:From the sixth paragraph we can learn that _____.

A．it costs much more to build a college than to buy a house.

B．the costs of studying at college are much more than staying at home.

C．the costs of sending a child to college are much more than buying a house.

D．it is difficult for parents to send a child to college.

小题5:What does the former assistant want to tell students with the example of the baseball player?

A．Effort can lead to good results.	B．Effort is very necessary.
C．Effort and results are quite different.	D．No good results, effort is unnecessary.

Answer 1

小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:C
小题5:C

试题分析：本文属于议论文，讨论的话题是努力的过程和最终的结果哪一个更重要。文章中给出了不同的人的不同的观点。
小题1:C 主旨大意题。根据文章最后两段段What if a baseball player came to spring training and worked harder than all the others, but still could not play well? Would the team accept him anyway, just because he tried so hard?和The students would say no. But most of them would still ask for an A可知本文讨论的是如果学生努力了，就应该得到较高的等级。而不要去看考试的结果。实际上也就是过程和结果的关系。故C正确。
小题2:B 细节题。根据文章第二段4,5行But 66 percent agreed that a professor should consider effort and not just the quality of a student's work when deciding grades.可知大部分学生都认为老师来决定等级的时候，不仅仅根据作业的质量，还要看学生的学习态度。故B正确。
小题3:D 细节题。根据文章第三段后2行Social critics like to say that in children's activities these days everyone gets an award just for trying, so no one will feel rejected.可知他们认为努力了就应该得到奖励。故D正确。
小题4:C 细节题。根据本段And there may be another explanation: pressure from parents to get a good return on the family's investment. These days, college can cost more than a house.
可知现在父母在学生的教育方面投资很大，都超过了购买房子的费用了。故C正确。
小题5:C 推理题。根据文章倒数第二段What if a baseball player came to spring training and worked harder than all the others, but still could not play well? Would the team accept him anyway, just because he tried so hard?可知他认为努力和结果还是有很多的差别的。这位运动员很努力，但是最后的结果还是不好，仍然不能被选中去参加比赛。故C正确。
点评：本文属于议论文，讨论的话题是努力的过程和最终的结果哪一个更重要。要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者应当知道如何去做或按照某种方式传递思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分－推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分－推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。