We might like to think we're not influenced by other people, but a new study into the group-buying mechanisms（机制） - like those used on coupon（优惠券） sites such as Groupon and LivingSocial - reveals that telling buyers who come later to the offer how many have already signed up increases the number of purchasers.
Researchers at the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management wanted to understand why group buying sites that have entered the market recently have enjoyed greater success than those operating a decade ago, such as Mercata and MobShop.
Earlier attempts typically left potential buyers waiting for days before confirming whether or not they had got the offer they had signed up for.
“We think one of the reasons group-buying has been successful recently is because of the short time horizon,” says Rotman Professor Ming Hu, who co-wrote the study with Professor Mengze Shi and PhD student Jiahua Wu. “It allows for a herding effect.”
Another reason is the use of an information structure that discloses to later arrivals how many have already signed onto the deal.
Researchers looked at two ways of designing the purchasing mechanism for a group buy:a simultaneous mechanism, where no one knows how many buyers have come before them, and asequential（连续的） mechanism, where a second group of buyers has the advantage of knowing the size of the first group.
The researchers' analytical（分析的） model shows the most successful mechanism is the sequential one because it eliminates uncertainty for those coming later to the deal, and improves the confidence of those who sign on early, as they're able to track the numbers of those who come after them.
“That boosts confidence,” says Professor Hu, who teaches operations management. Deals for "luxury" services, versus everyday items, work better in a group buy scenario（方案） because they offer consumers a greater benefit.
【小题1】It can be learned from the text that ______.
| A．the short time horizon is the reason why group-buying has been successful. |
| B．a simultaneous mechanism is where a group of buyers has the advantage of knowing how many people have signed up. |
| C．a sequential mechanism allows a herding effect which boosts the confidence of the buyers. |
| D．researchers at the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management carried out an experiment about why group buying sites entered the market successfully, such as Mercata and MobShop. |
| A．to become or to make something greater in amount, number, value |
| B．to remove or get rid of something |
| C．to deliberately not include something in what you are doing or considering |
| D．to make something known to somebody |
| A．Secret for marketing success – boosting confidence. |
| B．Secret for group-buying mechanism—herding effect. |
| C．Comparison between a simultaneous mechanism and a sequential mechanism. |
| D．What others do influences our decisions. |
科目：高中英语 来源：江苏省2010届高三下学期5月模拟考试英语试卷 题型：其他题
第Ⅱ卷 (两部分，共35分)
第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
OPTIMISM HELPED US PERSEVERE(坚持)
Left behind, we watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. The danger of what lay ahead of them, the chances of them ever returning to find us, the fear that we might never know their fate and possible delays, at first made us feel low and discouraged. But it was not for long. There was nothing like a good dinner of penguin(企鹅) and some dynamic music to make a man feel more cheerful again.
Life now fell into a regular pattern. Just keeping alive took all our time and energy. For example, we had to gather fresh water by grasping and then melting sea-ice. If this drinking But melting the ice was a problem. With no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, the only fuel we could use was seal fat. This gave off oily, black smoke but had he advantage of burning strongly in fierce winds. We could also eat the remains when the fire died down.
Food was also a problem as there were no vegetables or fruit to be found. As one of’ our group, Lionel Greenstreet noted in his diary after a few weeks how bored he was with the meals: “The food now is pretty well all meat -- seal steaks, cooked seal, penguin steaks, cooked penguin liver.” As a chef, it was my duty to clean and cook these animals, so I was soon being encouraged to vary the meals in whatever way I could. It was difficult.
We had to be very particular about our personal care because a changeable temperature could harm us. It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few. Becoming too hot led to sweating and this could freeze very quickly. Another part of the body that needed special caution was the eyes. The ice and snow reflected dangerous rays from the sun so that if we did not wear sunglasses we would suffer from sun-blindness.
Four months of this was as much as the twenty-two of us could bear in this bone-numbing cold. We were lucky that our group wolf worked hard to show an admirable mental attitude and dealt with our ever-present fears in a positive and successful way. Above all, Shackleton encouraged us to have celebrations: for birthdays, festivals or even just because of a good catch of penguin. This kept us cheerful and encouraged harmony in the group.
When rescue did come, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. We were at last free to go home to a warm bed, good food and the care of our family and friends. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive and he had repaid us by his commitment to return and save us from a slow but painful death.
|
Main Points |
Details |
|
Setting |
Shackleton and his boat having (71) ▲ away, we stayed on Elephant Island, feeling low and discouraged. A dinner of penguin and dynamic music (72) ▲ us up. |
|
Water problem |
To gather fresh water, we grasped and then melt sea-ice by(73) ▲ seal fat. |
|
(74) ▲ problem |
Food lacked variety, with only meat from seals and penguins. |
|
Personal care |
● Sweating from wearing too many clothes and(75) ▲ from wearing too few could do harm to us. ● We needed to be (76) ▲ of the eyes’ being harmed by the dangerous reflected rays from the sun. |
|
(77) ▲ for our survival |
● Our positive (78) ▲ ● Having celebrations ● Harmony in the group |
|
Ending |
Four months later, we were (79) ▲ by Shackleton. And he (80) ▲ his promise. |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010-2011学年江西省吉安市高三上学期期末教学质量评价英语试卷 题型：阅读理解
Our boat floated on between walls of forest. It was too thick for us to get a view of the land we were passing through, though we knew from the map that our river must be passing through chains of hills from time to time. Nowhere did we find a place where we could have landed: although the jungle did not actually spread right down into the river, banks of soft mud prevented us from going ashore. In any case, what would we have gained by landing? The country was full of snakes and other dangerous creatures and the jungle was so thick that one would be able to advance slowly, cutting one's way with knives the whole way. So we stayed in the boat, hoping that when we reached the sea, a friendly fisherman would pick us up and take us to civilization.
As for water, there was a choice. We could drink the muddy river water, or die of thirst. We drank the water. Men who have just escaped from what appeared to be certain death lost all worries about such small things as diseases caused by dirty water. In fact, none of us suffered from any illness as a result.
One day we passed another village, but fortunately nobody saw us. We did not wish to risk being taken prisoners a second time: we might not be so lucky as to escape in a stolen boat again.
1.What they could see on the boat was only___ .
A. high walls B. chains of hills C. heavy woods D. vast land
2.They couldn't land because_______ .
A. the mud on the shore was too soft B. they could not find anyone
C. they could not find the mark on the map D. the forest was too thick to go through
3.From the passage, we can learn that_____ .
A. they were in an uninhabited area B. they were on a journey home happily
C. the country was a civilized society D. the country was a tropical jungle coutry
4.The best title for this passage might he______
A. I he Problem of Landing B. Escape in the Jungle
C. An Entirely New Experience D. Exploration of a River
【答案】5.C6.A7.D8.B
【解析】略
【题型】阅读理解
【适用】一般
【标题】2011届江西省吉安市高三上学期期末教学质量评价英语试卷
【关键字标签】江西省吉安市，高三英语，期末
【结束】
18【题文】If you travel to a new exhibition at the San Francisco Conservatory of Flowers, you will have chances to see some meat-eating plants. Take bladderworts, a kind of such plant, for example. They appear so small and grow in a quiet pond. "But these are the fastest known killers of the plant kingdom, able to capture a small insect in 1/50 of a second using a trap door!"
Once the trap door closes on the victim, the enzymes (酶）similar to those in the human stomach slowly digest the insert. When dinner is over, the plant opens the trap door and is ready to trap again.
Meat-eating plants grow mostly in wet areas with soil that doesn't offer much food nutrition. In such conditions, these amazing plants have developed insect traps to get their nutritional needs over thousands of years. North America has more such plants than any other continents.
Generally speaking, the traps may have attractive appearance to fool the eye, like pitcher plants, which get their name because they look like beautiful pitchers full of nectar (花蜜).
Hair-like growths along the pitcher walls ensure that nothing can escape, and the digestive enzymes can get to work. A tiny insect can be digested in a few hours, but a fly takes a couple of days.
Some of these pitchers are large enough to hold 7.5 liters. Meat-eating plants only eat people in science fiction movies, but sometimes a bird or other small animals will discover that a pitcher plant isn't a good place to get a drink.
9.From Paragraph 1，we learn that bladderworts can__ .
A. kill an insect in a second B. digest a fly in a few hours
C. be found floating on a quiet lake D. capture an insect in 1/50 of a second
10.If the trap door of a meat-eating plant is closed, the plant is
A. fooling insects into taking a sip B. producing nectar
C. tempting insects to come close D. enjoying a dinner
11.Meat-eating plants can grow in wet and poor soil because they .
A. can get nutrition from animals B. don't need much food nutrition
C. can make the most of such conditions D. have developed digestive enzymes
12.What can be captured by meat-eating plants for food?
A. A child. B. A dog. C. A little bird. D. A little fish.
【答案】13.D14.D15.A16.C
【解析】略
【题型】阅读理解
【适用】一般
【标题】2011届江西省吉安市高三上学期期末教学质量评价英语试卷
【关键字标签】江西省吉安市，高三英语，期末
【结束】
19【题文】You know Australia is a big country, but you may not know how easy it is to get around. The untouched beaches that go for miles and deserts that touch the horizon are just there, waiting to be reached and explored. The following are the different ways you can explore our vast country.
Flying is the best way to cover large distances in a short time. You can spend more time on the Australia's can't-miss landscapes and relaxing lifestyle. Moreover, competition among airlines makes great flying fees available for you.
Australia has a vast network of well-maintained roads and some of the most beautiful touring routes in the world. You have no difficulty finding car rental companies at major airports, central city locations, suburbs and attractions.
Bus travel in Australia is comfortable , easy and economical. Buses generally have air conditioning, reading lights, adjustable seats and videos. Services are frequent, affordable and efficient.
Rail
Train travel is the cheapest and gives you an insight into Australia's size and variety, all from the comfort of your carriage. Scheduled services are a great way to get quickly between our cities and regional centers.
Ferry (轮渡）
The Spirit of Tasmania runs a passenger and vehicle ferry service between Melbourne and Tasmania nightly. Extra sen ices are running during summer rush hours. Sea-link ferries connect South Australia and Kangaroo Island several times a day. Ferries connect suburbs in our capital cities.
With easy-on-the-feet pedestrian.(行人)streets, walking is a great way to get around our cities.
Besides all the above, you can also experience some of the longest: tracks and trails in the world in central Australia——impressive journeys of a thousand kilometers or more that can take several weeks to complete.
17.The underlined word "untouched" in Paragraph 1 means__ .
A. secure B. special C. natural D. artificial
18.Which of the following is true about travelling in Australia?
A. You can easily rent a car to explore its beautiful touring routes.
B. More travellers make the flying fees among airlines higher than before.
C. Taking a bus tour is the most comfortable, economical and efficient way.
D. Train services can offer you more comfort than any other means of transport,
19.Ferry service between Melbourne and Tasmania usually runs_ •
A. several times a day B. only at night hours
C. between different cities D. only during rush hours
20.From the passage, we know that_____ .
E. travelling in central Australia is time-consuming
F. central Australia has the world's shortest railway line
G. pedestrian walking is a great way to travel between cities
H. you have no choice but to walk over 1,000 kilometers in central Australia
【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.A
【解析】略
【题型】阅读理解
【适用】一般
【标题】2011届江西省吉安市高三上学期期末教学质量评价英语试卷
【关键字标签】江西省吉安市，高三英语，期末
【结束】
20【题文】BUKHANNON, West Virginia~~Two rescue teams slowly moved along a two—mile path on Monday night to the site of a coal mine explosion that trapped 13 miners, who had not been heard from since the early morning accident.
Meanwhile, at a nearby church, more than 250 family members and friends gathered, waiting for updates on the rescuers' progress.
The miners were trapped at about .6:30 and many families weren't informed of the accident until about 10 a.m.~~more than three hours after it happened. "It's very upsetting, but you've got to be patient, I guess," said John Helms, whose brother, Terry, was trapped in the mine.
The trapped miners were about 260 fee underground and about 10,000 feet from the Sago Mine's entrance, said Roger Nicholson, a lawyer from International Coal Group.
At a late night news conference, Nicholson said one team had advanced about 4, 800 feet in the four hours since entering the mine just before 6 p.m. Another team entered the mine about 30 minutes later.
He said the crew was very experienced, with some members having worked underground for 30 to 35 years. The miners were equipped with al>out one hour of breathable oxygen each. The company has not released the names of the miners.
The teams test the air about every 500 feet, and have to disconnect the power to the phones they use to communicate with the surface before doing that. "We don't want to be electrifying anything if it's in an atmospfiere with hurnahle gases," Kips said.
The cause of the explosion was not immediately known. High levels of carbon monoxide ( 一氧化物) were discovered shortly after the explosion, which delayed rescue efforts, but those levels have weakened since then, authorities said.
25.According to the passage, we ran infer that_ .
I. communication with the trapped miners was cut off
J. the rescue started as soon as the accident happened
K. the two rescue teams entered the mine at the same time
L. all the miners who were trapped underground were still alive
26.If the first team advanced at an average speed, they could dig about______per hour.
A. 1,000 feet B. 1,200 feet C. 2,400 feet D. 4,800 feet
27.Where ran the passage he seen?
A. Iii a magazine. B. In a science hook. C. On an advertisement. D. In a newspaper.
【答案】28.A29.B30.D
【解析】略
【题型】阅读理解
【适用】一般
【标题】2011届江西省吉安市高三上学期期末教学质量评价英语试卷
【关键字标签】江西省吉安市，高三英语，期末
【结束】
21【题文】
You wake up in the morning, the day is beautiful and the plans for the day are what you have been looking forward to for a long time. Then the telephone rings, you say hello, and the drama starts. The person on tbe other end has a depressing tone in his voice as he starts to tell you how terrible his morning is and that there is nothing to look forward to. Are you still in a wonderful mood? Impossible!
Communieating with negative people can wash out your happiness. It may not change what you think, but communicating long enough with them will make you feel depressed for a moment or a long time.
Life brings ups and downs, but some people are stuck in the wrong idea that life has no happiness to offer. They only feel glad when they make others feel bad. No wonder they can hardly win others' pity or respect.
When you communicate with positive people, your spirit stays happy and therefore more positive things are attracted. When the knife of a negative person is put in you, you have the heavy feeling that, all in all, brings you down.
Sometimes we have no choice but to communicate with negative people. This could be a co-worker, or a relative. In this case, say what needs to be said as little as possible. Sometimes it feels good to let out your anger back to the negative person, but this is to lower you to that same negative level and they won't feel ashamed of themselves about that.
Negativity often affects happiness without even being realized. The negative words of others at the start of the day can be attached to you throughout the rest of your day, which makes you feel bad and steals your happiness. Life is too short to feel negative. Stay positive and avoid negativity as much as possible.
31. Which of the following shows the position where the miners were trapped? (E: entrance P: position where the miners were trapped)
32.The purpose of Paragraph 1 is to____ .
A. make a comparison B. introduce a topic
C. offer an instructive story D. tell a true story
33.How can negative people have effect on us?
A. By influencing our emotion. B. By telling us the nature of life.
C. By changing our way of thinking. D. By comparing their attitude to life with ours.
34.Some negative people base their happiness on —.
A. their pity for other people B. their respect for others '
C. building up a positive attitude D. making other people unhappy 35.According to the passage, to reduce negative people's influence on us, we are advised.
A. to change negative people's attitude to life
B. to show our dissatisfaction to negative people
C. to make negative people feel as hamed of themselves
D. to communicate with negative people as little as possible
. 【答案】36.A37.B38.A39.D40.D
【解析】略
【题型】阅读理解
【适用】一般
【标题】2011届江西省吉安市高三上学期期末教学质量评价英语试卷
【关键字标签】江西省吉安市，高三英语，期末
【结束】
22【题文】对话填空(本节共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下面对话，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，在答题卡上标有题目的横线上，写出一 个英语单词的完整、正确的形式，使对话通顺。
M = Mike W = Wendy
.M: I'd like to 41.d_ something with you. Do you have a minute? 42. ______
W: Sure. I just got off my eleven o'clock class. I don't have another class until this afternoon.
M: Good, listen! I've just 43.r ‘ an e-mail from the computer center. They are 44. ______
looking for students to help with the work of the school website this summer.
They need two 45.a____ to help with the project. They asked me if I knew 46. ______
any qualified students who might be 47.i in it. I thought you might like 48. ______
to have a 49.t___ . 50. ______
W: 51.S______ interesting, but my knowledge of computers is 52.______
53.p______ limited. 54. ______ —
M: Well, I don't think any 55.s experience or knowledge is necessary. 56. ______
And with your interest in computers and the Internet, I think you would be good
for the job. 57.B___ , they are paying good money. What do you think? 58.______.
W: It seems like a great 59. c______to get some experience. Thanks for thinking 60. ______
of me!
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
第Ⅱ卷 (两部分，共35分)
第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
OPTIMISM HELPED US PERSEVERE(坚持)
Left behind, we watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. The danger of what lay ahead of them, the chances of them ever returning to find us, the fear that we might never know their fate and possible delays, at first made us feel low and discouraged. But it was not for long. There was nothing like a good dinner of penguin(企鹅) and some dynamic music to make a man feel more cheerful again.
Life now fell into a regular pattern. Just keeping alive took all our time and energy. For example, we had to gather fresh water by grasping and then melting sea-ice. If this drinking But melting the ice was a problem. With no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, the only fuel we could use was seal fat. This gave off oily, black smoke but had he advantage of burning strongly in fierce winds. We could also eat the remains when the fire died down.
Food was also a problem as there were no vegetables or fruit to be found. As one of’ our group, Lionel Greenstreet noted in his diary after a few weeks how bored he was with the meals: “The food now is pretty well all meat -- seal steaks, cooked seal, penguin steaks, cooked penguin liver.” As a chef, it was my duty to clean and cook these animals, so I was soon being encouraged to vary the meals in whatever way I could. It was difficult.
We had to be very particular about our personal care because a changeable temperature could harm us. It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few. Becoming too hot led to sweating and this could freeze very quickly. Another part of the body that needed special caution was the eyes. The ice and snow reflected dangerous rays from the sun so that if we did not wear sunglasses we would suffer from sun-blindness.
Four months of this was as much as the twenty-two of us could bear in this bone-numbing cold. We were lucky that our group wolf worked hard to show an admirable mental attitude and dealt with our ever-present fears in a positive and successful way. Above all, Shackleton encouraged us to have celebrations: for birthdays, festivals or even just because of a good catch of penguin. This kept us cheerful and encouraged harmony in the group.
When rescue did come, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. We were at last free to go home to a warm bed, good food and the care of our family and friends. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive and he had repaid us by his commitment to return and save us from a slow but painful death.
| Main Points | Details |
| Setting | Shackleton and his boat having (71) ▲ away, we stayed on Elephant Island, feeling low and discouraged. A dinner of penguin and dynamic music (72) ▲ us up. |
| Water problem | To gather fresh water, we grasped and then melt sea-ice by(73) ▲ seal fat. |
| (74) ▲ problem | Food lacked variety, with only meat from seals and penguins. |
| Personal care | ● Sweating from wearing too many clothes and(75) ▲ from wearing too few could do harm to us. ● We needed to be (76) ▲ of the eyes’ being harmed by the dangerous reflected rays from the sun. |
| (77) ▲ for our survival | ● Our positive (78) ▲ ● Having celebrations ● Harmony in the group |
| Ending | Four months later, we were (79) ▲ by Shackleton. And he (80) ▲ his promise. |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。(注意问题后的词数要求)
By 2012，England is forecast to have two million overweight children．Apart from diet, the only thing that will save these children from their fatty disaster is ,But schools―and the Olympics－don’t promote a love of exercise．They develop a love of winning，and that is not the same thing．
My own unhappy sporting memories started early．By the time I was 15 I was only sent running as a punishment and allowed to play tennis with one girl, who was seriously short-sighted.
If you weren’t naturally talented at sports，there Was no suggestion that it should be fun，let alone beneficial．It took me until I Was 25 to realize that exercise Was something I needed，but by then，my motivation and enjoyment were zero．
At five，my daughter has already had her first spots day．It was extremely considerate－ribbons(缎带)for excellent sportsmanship were given to those who hadn’t won；games were mixed so everyone could be good at something．But five days later , a small voice said，“Mummy,
why did I come last in that running race?”and I could see how easily history could repeat itself．
Schools’ competitive attitude conditions children out of exercising if they’re not the best．And，whenever we talk about winning medals，even if the children are the best in their class，it’s unlikely to get them anywhere．Chances are such that we might as well enter them in Britain’s Talent Show program．
Encouraging‘'the star could be you”attitude in children is just silly：focusing on finding“future Olympic stars”every four years isn’t going to get those two million children off the sofa．
76．What does the writer mainly talk about in this passage?(within 15 words．)
77．Fill in the blank in paragraph l with proper words or phrases．(within 5 words．)
78．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
The children with no sports talent will not be willing to exercise because of the competitive policy at school．
79．Why did the writer tell US the story of her daughter’s?(within 1 5 words．)
80．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese．
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
There is a popular saying, "All of us have a Guardian Angel, guiding us".
Some of the greatest success stories of 1 have followed a word of 2 or an act ofconfidence by a loved one or a 3 friend. Had it not been for a confident wife, Sophia, we might not have listed Nathaniel Hawthome among the great 4 of literature. One cold evening when Nathaniel, a 5 man, went home to tell his wife, Sophia, tbat he was a failure and had been fired from his job in the customs. she 6 him with a cry of joy.
"Now," she said 7 , "you can write your book!"
"Yes?" replied the man, with 8 confidence, "and what shall we 9 while I am writing it?" To his 10 , she opened a drawer and pulled out a sum ofmoney.
"Where on earth did you get that?" he asked.
"I have always known you were a man of 11 ," she told him. "1 12 that someday you would write a great novel. So every week, out ofthe 13 you gave me for housekeeping, I saved a little bit. So here is enough to 14 us for one whole year."
From her trust and 15 came one ofthe greatest novels ofAmerican literature, The Scarlet Letter.
l. A.Chinese B.English C.maths D.history
2. A.enjoyment B. encouragement C. kindness D. delight
3. A.trusting B. merciful C. cautious D. intelligent
4. A.books B.novels C.names D.nicknames
5. A. successful B. courageous C. sorrowful D. heartbroken
6. A. bugged B. surprised C. comforted D. loved
7. A. sadly B. willingly C. proudly D. intentionally
8. A.little B.much C.no D.less
9. A. stick to B. try out C. take up D. live on
10.A. amazement B. satisfaction C. expectation D. disappointment
11.A. business B. writing C. talent D. marketing
12.A. knew B. see C. understand D. dream
13.A.time B.room C.job D.money
14.A.lead B. hold C.last D.leave
15.A.confidence B. experience C. competence D. guidance
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