Question

12．Measles （麻疹），which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more，was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine （疫苗）．But the disease is making a comeback，caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly．Already this year，115 measles cases have been reported in the USA，compared with 189 for all of last year．
The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend．When vaccination rates are very high，as they still are in the nation as a whole，everyone is protected．This is called"herd immunity"，which protects the people who get hurt easily，including those who can't be vaccinated for medical reasons，babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn't work．
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in．When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride，immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger．
That's exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County，California，where 22 measles cases were reported this month，to Brooklyn，N．Y．，where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year．
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades，and it is driven by a real but very small risk．Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer．
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out （决定不参加） of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten．Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption （豁免），sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine．
Now，several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out．But no one does enough to limit exemptions．
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons．But personal opinions？Not good enough．Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide，but they'll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks．
 
32．The first two paragraphs suggest thatA
A．a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend
B．the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C．anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons
D．information about measles spreads quickly
33．Herd immunity works well whenB
A．exemptions are allowed
B．the whole neighborhood is involved in
C．several vaccines are used together
D．new regulations are added to the state laws
34．What is the main reason for the comeback of measles？A
A．The vaccine opt-outs of some people．
B．The lack of medical care．
C．The features of measles itself．
D．The overuse of vaccine．
35．What is the purpose of the passage？B
A．To introduce the idea of exemption．
B．To stress the importance of vaccination．
C．To discuss methods to cure measles．
D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment．

Answer 1

分析 本文是强调接种疫苗的重要性．由于一些人不愿意接种疫苗，导致麻疹卷土重来，很多人因此丧生．最后作者建议国家不能允许一部分人不接种麻疹疫苗．

解答 32-35．ABAB
32．A 考查细节理解．根据"Measles （麻疹），which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more，was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine"以及"The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend"可知，麻疹会发展成危险的疾病，能杀死很多人，故选A．
33．B 考查细节理解．根据"But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in"可知，群体免疫只有当几乎所有的群体都参与进来时才会起作用，故选B．
34．A 考查细节理解．根据"Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer"可知，是由于一些人不愿意接种疫苗，导致麻疹卷土重来．故选A．
35．B 考查主旨大意．根据文章内容可知，由于一些人不愿意接种疫苗，导致麻疹卷土重来，很多人因此丧生．所以本文是强调接种疫苗的重要性．故选B．

点评 阅读理解考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．