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    18．If you have a daughter，take the time to read this．It could save her a lot of heartache．Not to mention stomach aches，headaches，missed days of school，lower grades，eating issues and depression．
    The sad truth is that every school，whether public or private，has mean girls．I bet you can still even remember who they are from your school．As a school consultant and mother of three daughters，I know firsthand both personally and professionallyhow much it hurts when girls are targeted by bullies（恃强凌弱者）．
    The old saying"sticks and stones may break my bones，but words will never hurt me，"couldn't be further from the truth．While boys usually bully through intimidation （胁迫），girls bully through exclusion，also called relational aggression．Here's an example of a case of relational bullying，taken from my experience as a school consultant：
    "Heather"was miserable because a girl in her class，"Leslie，"was not only saying mean things to her face，but getting the other girls in the class to exclude her with the age old line"You can't be friends with me，if you're friends with her．"In our sessions，Heather would complain that she didn't have anyone to play with because girls were afraid that if they hung around her they'd become Leslie's next target．
    In order to improve the situation，I had to not only reduce the power Leslie had，but empower Heather as well．Here are some ideas that helped，adapted for use by parents：
    Ask for specifics when your daughter mentions bullying．Who？Where？How？
    Tell the principal and classroom teacher the specifics of how she is being bullied．Have them tell other teachers （i．e．，gym，art，music），hallway monitors and cafeteria staff so that everyone who comes in contact with her can be on the lookout and ready to interfere．
    Explain to her that reporting an incident is not the same as tattling（打小报告），and have her tell an adult at school when she is being bullied．
    Teach her to convey self-confidence by walking confidently，with her head up．Bullies target those they think are weaker．
    Arrange opportunities for your daughter to socialize with her friends outside of school to help her maintain a strong social support system．
    In Heather's case，these steps relieved the problem．But because it's tougher to catch girl bullies，it's extremely important for girls to tell an adult if they are being bullied．Unlike boys，who usually bully physically，mean girls often spread rumors，whisper as their target walks by，talk loudly about a party she wasn't invited to，give her the silent treatment，and as discussed above，tell others not to be friends with her．School personnel are there to help，but in order to do anything they must know a problem exists!
    Bullying from mean girls
    Passage outlineSupporting details
    Different forms of girl bullying◇refusing to （71）include someone in groups
    ◇（72）threateningothers not to befriend someone
    ◇spreading rumors about someone
    ◇treating someone with （73）coldness
    Bad effects of girl bullying ◇causing the victims to suffer both physically and （74）mentally
    ◇leading to the （75）declinein the victims'school performance
    （76）Suggestions/Tips/Adviceon fighting against girl bullying◇Get （77）specificinformation about the bullying．
    ◇Inform the school staff to interfere with bullying．
    ◇Encourage kids to （78）seekhelp when bullied．
    ◇Develop confidence in your kids to （79）avoidshowing weakness．
    ◇Help kids to gain support by （80）socializingwith friends．
    ConclusionThe problem of girl bullying can be solved by joint effort．

    分析 短文主要讲了在校园女孩欺凌对孩子造成的损害，并结合这一问题，作者给出了一些建议．

    解答 71．include，词义转换，根据句子While boys usually bully through intimidation （胁迫），girls bully through exclusion，女孩通过排斥他人进行欺凌，此处使用exclusion的同义词，位于不定式to后应使用动词原形，即refuse to include．   
    72．threatening，总结归纳题，根据句子but getting the other girls in the class to exclude her with the age old line"You can't be friends with me，if you're friends with her．"这是通过恐吓其他同学不要跟某人做朋友，因此使用"威胁"threaten，根据前后都是使用动名词短语，故答案为threatening．   
    73．coldness，总结归纳题，根据句子whisper as their target walks by，talk loudly about a party she wasn't invited to，give her the silent treatment 可知，这些做法都是冷漠地对待他人，因此with后使用名词coldness． 
    74．mentally，总结归纳题，根据句子Not to mention stomach aches，headaches，missed days of school，lower grades，eating issues and depression．可知，女孩的欺凌不仅对受害者身体上造成伤害，还对其精神造成伤害．   
    75．decline，词义转换，根据第一段的lower grades 可知，会导致受害者学习成绩的下降，因此使用名词decline． 
    76．Suggestions/Tips/Advice，总结归纳题，这一部分主要是针对女孩欺凌这一问题提出的一些建议，因此使用名词Suggestions/Tips/Advice． 
    77．specific，词义转换，根据句子Ask for specifics when your daughter mentions bullying 可知，针对女孩欺凌要获得具体的信息，因此使用形容词specific修饰information．  
    78．seek，同义句转换，根据句子Explain to her that reporting an incident is not the same as tattling（打小报告），and have her tell an adult at school when she is being bullied 可知，被欺凌时要鼓励孩子寻求帮助．       
    79．avoid，同义句转换，根据句子Teach her to convey self-confidence by walking confidently，with her head up．Bullies target those they think are weaker 可知，要让孩子表现得自信，这样能避免受欺负．    
    80．socializing，词形转换，根据句子Arrange opportunities for your daughter to socialize with her friends outside of school to help her maintain a strong social support system可知，让孩子结交朋友获得支持．

    点评 解答任务型阅读理解题，首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意．因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料．其次，细读题材，各个击破．掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息．最后，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性．对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准．

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    "How did you write your advertisement？"asked one of the listeners，a merchant．"Here it is，"said the man，taking out of his pocket a slip cut from a newspaper．The other man took it and read，"Lost from the City Church last Sunday evening a black silk umbrella．The gentleman who finds it will receive ten shillings on leaving it at No 10Broad Street．""Now，"said the merchant，"I often advertise，and find that it pays me well．But the way in which an advertisement is expressed is of extreme importance．Let us try your umbrella again，and if it fails，I will buy you a new one．"
    The merchant then took a slip of paper out of his pocket and wrote："If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening doesn't wish to get into trouble，he will return the umbrella to No.10Broad Street．He is well known．"
    This appeared in the paper，and on the following morning，the man was astonished when he opened the front door．In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors that had been thrown in and his own was among the number．Many of them had notes fastened to them saying that they had been taken by mistake，and begging the loser not to say anything about the matter．

    55．According to the first advertisement，who would receive ten shillings？A
    A．The one left the umbrella at No.10 Broad Street．
    B．The one left the umbrella in the City Church．
    C．The one found the umbrella at No.10 Broad Street．
    D．The one gave the message to the man．
    56．The result of the first advertisement was thatD．
    A．the man got his umbrella back         
     B．the man found his umbrella
    C．the man found his umbrella             
    D．the man wasted some money advertising
    57．"If it fails，I will buy you a new one"suggested thatD．
    A．he was rich enough to afford an umbrella
    B．he was not sure he would get the umbrella back
    C．he was ready to help others
    D．he was quite sure of his success
    58．This is a story aboutA．
    A．how to make an effective advertisement
    B．how a man lost and found his umbrella
    C．how to find lost things
    D．how to put an advertisement in the newspaper．

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    科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解

    8．Apple Seeds
    Circulation （发行量）：1 Year，9 Issues
    Cover Price：﹩44.55 Price for You：﹩33.95
    Product Description：Apple Seeds is an award winning magazine filled with stories for kids aged from 7to 9．The cover is very soft，providing durability that allows each issue to be enjoyed for many years to come．Besides，there is a big surprise for you-----it's being sold at a more favorable discount than usual．
    Better Life
    Circulation：1 Year，12 Issues
    Cover Price：﹩44.55 Price for You：﹩15.00
    Product Description：Designed for those who have a strong interest in personal lifestyle．Better life is an America's complete home and family service magazine．If offers help with food，recipes，decorating，building，gardening，family health，money management and education．
    Humor Times
    Circulation：1 Year，12 Issues
    Cover Price：﹩36.00 Price for You：﹩11.95
    Product Description：Humor Times is for those who love to laugh!Full of cartoons and humor columns，it shows up in your mailbox once a month and keeps you smiling all year round!In today's world，you need a reason to laugh．So let's find it in Humor Times．
    News China
    Circulation：1 Year，12 Issues
    Cover Price：﹩47.88 Price for You：﹩19.99
    Product Description：News China is the English edition of China Newsweek．The magazine covers the latest Chinese domestic news in politics，society，environment，culture，sports and travels，etc．It is the first comprehensive news magazine for readers interested in China．

    25．What do we know about Apple Seeds？A
    A．The soft cover enables it to be read and kept long．
    B．It can be purchased as an award for your children．
    C．You can receive it every month if you purchase it．
    D．The magazine is going to surprise you for many years．
    26．Better Life can help you inA．
    A．beautifying your house
    B．ordering food from restaurant
    C．learning about sports and travels
    D．finding interesting stories for your kids
    27．What kind of people may buy News China？D
    A．People who want to enlarge the knowledge of their kids
    B．People who have a strong sense of humor and love to laugh
    C．People who have an interest in personal lifestyle of the English
    D．People who are interest in China's politics business and culture
    28．Which magazine may best help relieve your work stress？C
    A．Apple Seeds
    B．Better Life
    C．Humor Times
    D．News China．

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