Question

4．Smoking is the single worst thing you can do for your health．Fortunately，it's never too late to get the benefits of quitting．If you've tried to quit before and failed，it's time to make up your mind and try again．
Smoking is responsible for one of every five deaths．That includes 29% of all cancer deaths，87% of all lung cancer deaths，and nearly 20% of all deaths from cardiovascular disease．But long before smoking kills you，it ages you．You can see for yourself that smoking accelerates the drying and wrinkling of the skin．But there are less obvious effects as well．Indeed，smoking takes years away from your life．Nearly half of all chronic smokers die an average of 20 to 25 years before their time．
Besides an early death from cancer or heart disease，smoking can cause lung disorders．People who smoke over a pack a day have almost three times the risk of contracting pneumonia（肺炎） than that of nonsmokers．By lowering levels of estrogen（雌激素）in men and women，smoking speeds bone less．If a woman smokes a pack of cigarettes every day，she will enter menopause（更年期）with 5 to 10% less bone mass than a nonsmoker．
The good news is that no matter what your age is or how long you've smoked，you'll live longer if you quit today．The Coronary Artery Surgery Study examined nearly 2，000 long-term smokers over age 54．Those who quit had significantly lower death rates six years later than those who didn't．Even the oldest ex-smokers had a higher survival rate．
Not only will live longer if you quit，you'll feel better，breathe easier，and find that you have more energy．You'll have fewer respiratory infections，headaches，and stomachaches．What's more，you'll save money．Your clothes and breath won't smell unpleasant any longer．And your habit won't annoy-or threaten the health of-the people who live and work with you．

54．What is the passage mainly about？C
A．The ways of quitting smoking．
B．The harm of smoking to people．
C．The benefits of quitting smoking．
D．The relationships between smoking and diseases．
55．According to the passage，the percentage of deaths due to smoking isA
A.20%   B.25%   C.29%   D.87%
56．All of the following methods are used in the passage EXCEPTB
A．giving exmples   B．mentioning famous sayings
C．comparing       D．listing numbers
57．What do we know from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study？D
A．It examined about 2，000 smokers who all quit smoking finally．
B．Quitting smoking is easier said than done
C．Long-term smokers should quit smoking gradually
D．Quitting smoking always has a good effect on people's health．

Answer 1

分析 本文主要讲述了戒烟的好处．吸烟对健康有害，它可能会导致癌症、心脏病的早期死亡和肺部疾病，所以我们应该戒烟．无论你的年龄多大或抽了多久的烟，现在戒掉都不算太晚．研究表明，戒烟能明显降低死亡率． 更重要的是，你将会感觉更好，呼吸更加通畅，头痛之类的毛病也会随之减少，这样就有可能延长你的寿命．而且，戒烟还可以节省钱，你的身体也不会再散发出烟味了．

解答 54．C 内容归纳题．本文主要讲述了戒烟的好处．例如戒烟能降低死亡率，延长人的寿命等等．故选C．
55．A 细节理解题．根据第二段Smoking is responsible for one of every five deaths．可知吸烟导致的死亡概率是1/5，即死亡率是20%．故选A．
56．B 理解判断题．根据第二、三段可知作者通过举例子和列数据说明了吸烟的坏处--提高死亡率．所以选项A、D正确；根据第三段People who smoke over a pack a day have almost three times the risk of contracting pneumonia（肺炎） than that of nonsmokers．可知作者通过对比说明了吸烟者感染疾病的风险是不吸烟者的三倍．所以选项D正确；本文中并未提及名人名言，所以选项B错误．故选B．
57．D 理解判断题．根据倒数第二段The Coronary Artery Surgery Study examined nearly 2，000 long-term smokers over age 54．Those who quit had significantly lower death rates six years later than those who didn't．Even the oldest ex-smokers had a higher survival rate．可知研究结果显示，戒烟能明显降低死亡率．由此推知，戒烟对人体健康有好处．故选D．

点评 本文考察学生的理解推断能力，抓住文章的关键词，采用寻读的方法查找细节，能根据已知的结果推测导致结果的可能原因．