Question

【题目】 Bats are the only mammals that can fly a great distance, but they have another ability. Many bats live a very long time for an animal of their size. European researchers are studying bats to understand why they live so long. They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.

Last week, the group of scientists said they had identified important biological qualities in some bat species. The group studied the bats’ chromosomes (染色体), a line of genes found in the nucleus of cells. The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes. They are called telomeres (端粒), which protect the ends of chromosomes and shorten each time a cell divides. Scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down. They say this is what cause aging.

The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species. The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years. Of these animals, the greater mouse-eared bat generally lived the longest, an average of 37 years. The scientists said this and a related species, which are grouped together under the name Myotis, had telomeres that did not shorten with age. Another Myotis bat holds the record for the oldest age, reaching 41 years. The scientists’ findings suggest that these bats’ cells have the ability to maintain and repair their telomeres. This helps guard against the aging process.

Based on its body size, a bat like the greater mouse-eared bat would be expected to live four years. But, these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that. The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered. Eighteen of these are bats.

【1】Why are European researchers studying bats?

A.To learn the similar habits between bats and human beings.

B.To find out why the greater mouse-eared bats live a long life.

C.To try to understand why bats prefer to fly during the night.

D.To discover a good way to prevent human beings from aging.

【2】What does the second paragraph mainly explain to us?

A.The structures of the bats’ chromosomes.B.What causes aging biologically.

C.The functions of telomeres.D.What causes cells to break down.

【3】Why do the greater mouse-eared bat and another Myotis bat live so long?

A.They are grouped together under the name Myotis.

B.Their telomeres are decreasing with age.

C.Their cells are able to keep up and fix their telomeres.

D.They have more telomeres than human beings do.

【4】What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A.Bats live 10 times longer than other mammals.

B.Bats enjoy the longest life among mammals.

C.The greater mouse-eared bat and other bats should have lived longer.

D.Many bats live longer than human beings considering their body size.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。欧洲研究人员正在研究蝙蝠，以了解它们为什么能活这么长时间。他们希望能在对抗人类衰老的过程中有所发现。文章解释了导致生物衰老的原因是端粒，以及研究发现蝙蝠的细胞有能力维持和修复它们的端粒，这有助于防止老化过程。同时，考虑到蝙蝠的体型，许多蝙蝠比人类活得长。

【1】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.可知，他们希望能在对抗人类衰老的过程中有所发现。由此可知，欧洲研究人员要研究蝙蝠是为了发现一个防止人类衰老的好方法。故选D。

【2】段落大意题。根据第二段中They are called telomeres, which protect the ends of chromosomes and shorten each time a cell divides. Scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down. They say this is what cause aging.可知，它们被称为端粒，保护染色体的末端，缩短细胞每次分裂的时间。科学家认为这种缩短过程会导致细胞分裂。他们说这就是导致衰老的原因。由此可知，第二段主要向我们解释了是什么导致了生物衰老。故选B。

【3】细节理解题。根据第三段中The scientists’ findings suggest that these bats’ cells have the ability to maintain and repair their telomeres. This helps guard against the aging process.可知，科学家的发现表明，这些蝙蝠的细胞有能力维持和修复它们的端粒。这有助于防止老化过程。由此可知，大鼠耳蝠和另一种肌炎蝠寿命长是因为他们的细胞能够维持和修复他们的端粒。故选C。

【4】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Based on its body size, a bat like the greater mouse-eared bat would be expected to live four years. But, these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that. The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered. Eighteen of these are bats.可知，根据体型大小，像大鼠耳蝠这样的蝙蝠预计能活四年。但是，这些哺乳动物的寿命几乎是这个数字的10倍。科学家们发现，只有19种哺乳动物的寿命比人类长。其中18只是蝙蝠。由此可推知，考虑到蝙蝠的体型，许多蝙蝠比人类活得长。故选D。

隐含意义推理判断题。这类题的题干中常含有：infer/suggest/imply/conclude/intend/purpose/be likely to等标志性词语。解决这类问题时要理解文章潜在的含义和作者所给的提示。同时，要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作出合理的猜测和推断。如第四小题，根据最后一段中Based on its body size, a bat like the greater mouse-eared bat would be expected to live four years. But, these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that. The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered. Eighteen of these are bats.可知根据体型大小，像大鼠耳蝠这样的蝙蝠预计能活四年。但是，这些哺乳动物的寿命几乎是这个数字的10倍。科学家们发现，只有19种哺乳动物的寿命比人类长。其中18只是蝙蝠。由此可推知，考虑到蝙蝠的体型，许多蝙蝠比人类活得长。故选D。