Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious
The everyday signs of conscientiousness (认真尽责)一being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.
Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.
Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.
There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.
But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.
When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自发性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.
【语篇解读】任务型读写主要考查考生对文中有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括的能力。要求考生在阅读理解的基础上，对阅读信息进行二次加工，归纳要点，、整合零散信息，并以表格的形式把加工后的信息准确、有序地表达出来。本文是一篇说明文。通常来说，尽职尽责是一个很大的优点：工作认真负责，守时自律，帮助别人等等，但同时也有它的缺点，如阻碍创造性，对同事要求过严而影响关系等。
71. 解析：归纳总结题。第一段中讲述的尽职尽责的人的特点：being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities他们守时，工作中细心，自律，一丝不苟……，这些都说明他们对自己要求很严格。
答案：strict
72. 解析：信息转换题。第一段中的It’s the conscientious worker who “helps” newcomers or updates people….说明，尽职尽责的人对别人是helpful或者good。
答案：helpful/good
73. 解析：归纳总结题。文章的第2,3,4段讲述了尽职尽责好处和重要性。
答案：Functions/Roles/Importance/Significance
74. 解析：由首段的the people who keep things running as they should可知答案。
答案：running/working/going/operating/functioning
75. 解析：直接信息题。从第二段中的In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs…可知答案。
答案：performance(s)
76. 解析：信息转换题。从第三段的Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲)against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market，可知他们不容易失去工作，转化为动词，即可得到答案。
答案：fired/dismissed/jobless
77. 解析：直接信息题。从第五段的第一句话But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems.可知答案。
答案：problems/troubles
78. 解析：直接信息题。从第四段的…giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of…可知答案。
答案：higher/subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced
79. 解析：归纳总结题。由第五段中的…overly judgmental…，tended to criticize co-workers…可知，他们对同事苛求，可能更容易批评同事，从而造成关系紧张。
答案：tense/damaged/poor/bad
80. 解析：直接信息题。由第六段的it can discourage creativity可知答案。
答案：discourage/affect/damage
科目：高中英语 来源：2013年高考英语江苏卷 题型：051
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Quiet Virtue：The ConscientiousThe everyday signs of conscientiousness(认真尽责)-being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous(一丝不苟的)in attending to responsibilities-are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should．They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with．It's the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline．
Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field．In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness．It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization：the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time．
Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales．Conscientiousness also offers a buffer(缓冲)against the threat of job loss in today's constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued．For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on．
There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are．Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict．
But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems．Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don't show the same high levels of model behavior．Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships．
When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity．In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity(自发性)are scarce and in demand．Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness．
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013届四川省射洪县射洪中学高三零诊英语试卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
It was 1961 and I was in the fifth grade. My marks in school were miserable and, the thing was, I didn’t know enough to really care. My older bother and I lived with Mom in an ugly multi-family house in Detroit. We watched TV every night. The background noise of our lives was gunfire and horses’ hoofs(马蹄) from “Wagon Train” or “Cheyenne”, and laughter from “I Love Lucy”, or “Mister Ed”. After supper, we’d lie on Mom’s bed and stare for hours at the TV screen.
But one day Mom changed our world forever. She turned off the TV. Our mother had only been able to get through third grade. But, she was much brighter and smarter than we boys know at the time. She had noticed something in the suburban houses where she cleaned books. So she came home one day, switched off the TV, sat us down and explained that her sons were going to make something of themselves. “You boys are going to read two books every week,” she said. “And you’re going to write a report on what you read.”
We moaned（不满,发牢骚） and complained about how unfair it was. Besides, we didn’t have any books in the house other than Mom’s Bible. But she explained that we would go where the books were: “I’ll drive you to the library.”
So pretty soon there were these two peevish（坏脾气的）boys sitting in her white 1959 Oldsmobile on their way to Detroit Public Library. I wandered reluctantly（不情愿） among the children’s books. I loved animals, so when I saw some books that seemed to be about animals, I started leafing through them.
The first book I read clear through was Chip the Dam Builder. It was about beavers（河狸）. For the first time in my life I was lost in another world. No television program had ever taken me so far away from my surroundings as did this virtue visit to a cold stream in a forest and these animals building a home.
It didn’t dawn on me at the time, but the experience was quite different from watching TV. There were images forming in my mind instead of before my eyes. And I could return to them again and again with the flip（快速翻动）of a page.
Soon I began to look forward to visiting this quiet sanctuary form my other world. I moved from animals to plants, and then to rocks. Between the covers of all those books were whole worlds, and I was free to go anywhere in them. Along the way a funny thing happened: I started to know things. Teachers started to notice it too. I got to the point where I couldn’t wait to get home to my books.
Now my older brother is an engineer and I am chief of pediatric neurosurgery(儿童神经外科)at John Hopkins Children’s Center in Baltimore. Sometimes I still can’t believe my life’s journey, from a failing and indifferent student in a Detroit public school to this position, which takes me all over the world to teach and perform critical surgery.
But I know when the journey began the day Mom switched off the TV set and put us in her Oldsmobile for that drive to the library.
【小题1】We can learn from the beginning of the passage that ___________.
| A．the author and his brother had done well in school |
| B．the author had been very concerned about his school work |
| C．the author had spent much time watching TV after school |
| D．the author had realized how important schooling was |
| A．He came from a middle-class family. |
| B．He came from a single-parent family. |
| C．His mother worked as a cleaner. |
| D．His mother had received little education. |
| A．They were afraid | B．They were reluctant. |
| C．They were impatient. | D．They were eager to go. |
| A．he began to see something in his mind |
| B．he could visualize what he read in his mind |
| C．he could go back to read the books again |
| D．he realized that books offered him new experience |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（江苏卷带解析） 题型：阅读理解
Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious
The everyday signs of conscientiousness (认真尽责)—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.
Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.
Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.
There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.
But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.
When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自发性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（江苏卷解析版） 题型：填空题
Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious
The everyday signs of conscientiousness (认真尽责)—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.
Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.
Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.
There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.
But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.
When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自发性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.
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