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    【题目】The precious manuscripts were hopelessly________by long exposure in the cold，damp cellar.

    A．damaged B．destroyed C．harmed D．ruined

    【答案】D

    【解析】

    试题分析：考查动词辨析。destroy 表示“毁坏”，通常指彻底的毁掉或毁灭，往往暗示无法或很难修复；damage 表示“损害”“损坏”，通常是指部分性的损坏，往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能等会降低；ruin 表示“毁坏”“毁灭”，指彻底的毁坏，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等，在真正具体摧毁或破坏某做建筑物时，通常不用ruin；harm 一般指对身心健康、名誉的损害。由题意可知，这份珍贵的手稿是因为在寒冷的环境中长期暴露而受到破坏，受破坏的原因是自然现象，所以要用“ruined”。故选D

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