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Cutting meat production and consumption by 30 percent would help to reduce carbon emissions(排放) and improve health in the most meat-loving nations, scientists said on Wednesday.
Using prediction models, British and Australian researchers  1  that improving efficiency, increasing carbon capture and  2  fossil fuel dependence in farming would not be enough to  3   emissions targets.
But combining these steps  4  a 30 percent reduction in livestock(家畜)  5  in major meat-producing nations and a similar  6  in meat-eating, would lead to "substantial population health benefits" and cut emissions, they said.
The study found that in Britain, a 30 percent  7  intake of animal-source saturated(饱和的) fat by adults would reduce the  8  of premature(过早的) deaths from heart disease by some 17 percent -- equivalent to 18,000 premature deaths reduced in one year.
In Sao Paulo, Brazil, it could mean as  9  as 1,000 premature deaths reduced in a year, they said.
  10  the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, 18 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions are from meat production and experts say rising  11  for meat, particularly in countries with growing economies, could  12  livestock production up by 85 percent from 2000 levels  13  2030.
The scientists said global action was needed to maximize the benefits of cutting meat production and  14 , and that the environmental  15  "may apply only in those countries that currently have high production levels."
The study was  16  in The Lancet medical journal as part of a series in climate change and health  17  the Copenhagen global climate summit scheduled next month.
In a second study, British scientists found that increased walking and cycling, and  18  cars, would have a much greater impact on health  19  low-emission vehicles in rich and middle-income countries.
Andrew Haines, director of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and head of the research series, said delegates at Copenhagen needed "to understand the potential  20  impacts of their plans."
(   ) 1. A. invented             B. experimented    C. found               D. proved
(   ) 2. A. increasing          B. speeding           C. stopping           D. reducing
(   ) 3. A. meet                  B. change             C. break                      D. adapt
(   ) 4. A. by                     B. with                 C. to                    D. in
(   ) 5. A. sale                   B. eating               C. production               D. use
(   ) 6. A. cut                    B. increase            C. addition            D. consumption
(   ) 7. A. lower                 B. higher              C. more                D. less
(   ) 8. A. amount              B. number            C. quantity            D. deal
(   ) 9. A. much                 B. many                      C. few                  D. little
(   ) 10. A. According to     B. Apart from       C. As well as         D. In addition to
(   ) 11. A. resistance          B. fear                  C. demand            D. anxiety
(   ) 12. A. weaken            B. strengthen         C. drive                D. broaden
(   ) 13. A. in                    B. by                    C. from                D. after
(   ) 14. A. evaluation               B. consumption     C. process             D. store
(   ) 15. A. advantage         B. disadvantage     C. pollution          D. improvement
(   ) 16. A. written             B. claimed            C. delivered          D. published
(   ) 17. A. along with               B. from behind      C. ahead of           D. in front of
(   ) 18. A. more                B. fewer                      C. no                    . none
(   ) 19. A. then                 B. as                    C. that                  D. than
(   ) 20. A. health              B. body                C. spirit                D. emotion
1-20 CDABC AABBA CCBBA DCBDA
本文说明了减少肉类食物的消耗量不仅可以更健康的生活,还有助于节能减排。做本完形填空要求学生注重把生活常识和本文作者的行文逻辑紧密的结合起来。
1. C英国和澳大利亚的研究人员通过使用预测模型进行研究后发现,仅靠提高能源使用率、增加碳收集以及降低农业对矿物燃料的依赖还不足以实现减排目标。由此我们得知此空要填上表示“发现”之意的动词,也就是:found(find的过去式),而ABD项所表达的意思:发明,实验,证明,都不符合此处的语言逻辑。最具有迷惑性的是proved(证明),因为是利用预测模型进行研究后得出的结论,所以最合适的就应该是强调结果的“发现”。
2. D由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处表示降低农业对矿物燃料的依赖之意,表示降低之意单词只有D项:reducing,其余三项分别表示:增加,加速,停止,其中最具迷惑性的是C项:stopping(停止),根据日常生活常识我们知道农业生产不可能停止使用各种矿物质燃料。
3. A由第一题的分析我们可以断定此处要填上表示“达到,实现”之意的动词,BCD三项分别表示:改变,打破,调整,只有A项:meet(满足)可以表达这样的意思。
4. B但研究人员称,如果在此基础上将肉类主要生产国的家畜产量和肉类消费分别降低30%,则可“极大增进人们的健康”,同时减少碳排放,我们得知此空得填上和combine:把……和……结合起来,这四个介词当中表示和之意的只有with,ACD项的意思与combine都和语境不搭配,这是因为by表示由……;to表示对于……;in表示在……里面。
5. C由上一题的分析和日常生活常识,我们得知肉是由养殖的家畜屠宰之后,才为人们所消费。故此空填上表示家畜“生产”的名词,也就是production,其余的ABD三项分别表示:销售,食用,应用,语意方面都不符合此处的语言逻辑。
6. A由第四题的分析我们不难判断,这儿填上表示“削减”的名词也就是cut,BCD三项所表达的意思分别是:增加,累加,消费。无论述意思还是逻辑上都与这儿的语境逻辑不相搭配。
7. A研究发现,在英国,如果成年人摄入的动物饱和脂肪量减少30%,那么因心脏病而早逝的病例数可减少17%,相当于一年避免1.8万例早死病例。这四个选项中表示较低的是A项:lower。BCD三项分别依次表示:较高,较多,较大,于此处的语境逻辑上不相适宜。
8. B 经过上一题的分析,我们得知此处表示因心脏病而早逝的“病例数”,即是number,而ACD三项往往用来修饰不可数名词,并且它们都表示量,不表示数。
9. B研究人员称,在巴西圣保罗市,这意味着每年可避免多达一千个早死病例。这四个选项中只有as many as 表示多达之意,并且用来修饰可数名词death。ACD三项中A项用来修饰不可数名词,CD两项在意思表示少的意思,不符合这儿的作者所表达的语意。
10.A联合国粮农组织的数据显示,18%的温室气体排放来自于肉类生产。我们判断这儿的the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization是个机构名词,那么此处就表示根据……之意,也即是A项,BCD三项所分别表达的:除了…,和……一样,另外还有…,和这儿的语言逻辑不契合。
11.C专家称,到2030年,不断增长的肉类需求,尤其是发展中经济体的肉类需求,将推动家畜产量在2000年的基础上增长85%。我们确定这个空要填上表示需求之意的名词,也即是demand。ABD三项依次分别表示:抵抗,害怕,焦虑,不能和这儿的作者的行文逻辑相吻合。
12.C经过上一题的分析,我们得知此空应该填上表示“推动”之意的动词,而drive最合适。ABD三项的:弱化,强化,拓宽,显得不伦不类。
13.B由第11题的分析,确定这里表示增长的程度的介词,此四个词语中只有by可以表示这样的词义。ACD项各自表示:在…..里(方面),从……(地方),在…..之后。此三项都没有表示程度的意思。
14.B科学家表示,世界各国需采取行动,将减少肉类生产消费的益处最大化,由此产生的环境优势“可能只适用于目前肉类生产量较高的国家”,此处应该是填上表示消费的名词,此四个词语当中ACD依次分别表示:评估,过程,存储,明显不合适,B项consumption就表示消费之意,最为贴切。
15.A由第14题的分析确定这里填上表示优势的名词,也就是A项advantage。BCD项依次表示:不利,污染,改进,在语言逻辑上和作者的行文逻辑不相吻合。
16.D由常识判断,研究结果往往刊登在报刊、书籍、网站、杂志上,故此处填写D项published,ABC三项依次表示写,呼吁,送或者提供。最具有迷惑性的是A项,由上面的分析我们断定这个词语也不符合常识。
17.C在下月的哥本哈根全球环境峰会召开前,该杂志刊发了一系列有关气候变化与健康的文章,要填上“在……之前”,ABD三项中D项的最容易让人混淆,但是它表示在……前面,通常是指地理方位。AB两项:和……一起,从……的后面,就显得更不适宜了。
18.B在另一项研究中,英国科学家发现,在富裕和中等收入国家,多走路骑车、少开车对于健康的益处比乘坐低排放量的交通工具要大很多,这儿填上表示较少的之意的形容词。A项more是较多的,C项no是没有(这个根据生活常识是不可能),D项往往和of搭配,不直接跟上名词。而C项fewer表示较少的,用来修饰可数名词。
19.D由上一题分析断定此处表示:比…….这四个单词中就只有D项了。ABC三项中的所有意思:和…..,和……,为了……。AB两项的汉语意思是“和”,但没有“比……”之意,
20.A全文都是论述减少肉类食物的消耗量不仅可以更健康的生活,还有助于节能减排,其实节能减排也是为了人类的健康。故这儿填上D项health:健康,而不是BCD项的:身体,精神,和情感。
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Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off  academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
Recent study on room lighting design suggests than dim(暗淡的) light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.
So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. "We have a very limited number of studies, so we're almost looking at the problem through a straw(吸管)," architect David Allison says. "How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? That's what we're all struggling with."
小题1:What does Joan Meyers-Levy focus on in her research?
A.Light.B.Ceilings.C.Windows.D.Furniture.
小题2:The passage tells us that ______.
A.the shape of furniture may affect people's feelings
B.lower ceilings may help improve students' creativity
C.children in a dim classroom may improve their grades
D.students in rooms with unblocked views may feel relaxed
小题3:The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that ______.
A.the problem is not approached step by step
B.the researches so far have faults in themselves
C.the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect
D.research in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns
小题4:Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?
CP: Central Point    P: Point   SP: Sub-point(次要点)   C: Conclusion

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科目:高中英语 来源:不详 题型:阅读理解

  Sociologists(社会学家), working in western countries, have found that a large number of women wished they had been born men. The number is said to be as high as 60% in Germany.
  "Women often wish they had the same chances as men have, and think it is still men's world. " said Dr. James Helen, one of the sociologists who did the study.
  Many men say that they have more duties than women. A man has to make money to support his family and to make the important decision, so it is right for men to be paid more. Some are even against their wives working at all. When wives go out to work, they say, the home and children cannot be taken good care of. If women take full-time jobs, they won't be able to do what they are best at doing: making a nice home and bringing up the children.
  Some women disagree. They say they want to get out of their homes and to have freedom to choose between work and home life. Women have the right of equal pay and equal chances.
  Anne Harper has a very good job. She also believes in "Women's Liberation", "I don't wish I were a man," she says, "and I don't think many women do. But I do wish people would stop treating us like second-class people. At work, for example, we usually do the work that men do but get paid less. There are still a lot of jobs only to men—usually they are the best ones. If you are a man, you have a much better chance of living a wonderful life. How many women scientists are there…or engineers?"
小题1:Many men think ______.
A.women can't do what men can
B.men have to work much harder than women
C.men can make money more easily than women
D.women's duty is mainly to do housework at home
 小题2:Some women have different ideas. They say that ______.
A.women need chances to go out of the home more often
B.women want more freedom in deciding the kind of life they want
C.if women are given equal pay, they can do everything instead of men
D.women are no longer interested in taking care of their homes
   小题3:Anne Harper thought that ______.
A.women should live a better life than men
B.women should be really liberated
C.women should be given better jobs than men
D.women should live a more wonderful life than men

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科目:高中英语 来源:不详 题型:阅读理解

The South Pole is a particular place on the earth.When people stand at the top of it looking around,they will find all directions face to north.No matter how they make their first step in which direction,they will always walk towards the north.That’s to say,only north and south exist there,neither east nor west exists.
At the top of the South Pole,any clock or watch keeps good time because all meridians(子午线) join there.All kinds of local time are completely suitable there.It is even difficult to distinguish(区别) New Year’s Eve from New Year’s Day.
The explorers and scientists from different countries always fix the time according to their own.Therefore the time by their watches was different when the people with different nationality gathered there.
The Winter Solstice(冬至日) is an important festival at the South Pole.It is always on June 21 or 22.This day is called Midwinter Festival,on which the daytime is the shortest in a year and the night the longest.All people at the South Pole extend greetings to each other and present gifts to each other.They usually give all kinds of celebrations.From that day on,the daytime will get longer day by day.
小题1:At the top of the South Pole,your watch will ________.
A.keep good timeB.be five minutes fast
C.stopD.be ten minutes slow
小题2:The Winter Solstice is an important festival ________.
A.in the worldB.at the South PoleC.at the North PoleD.in China
小题3:On the Winter Solstice,________ is the shortest in a year.
A.the nightB.the noonC.the morningD.the daytime

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