Question

【题目】In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.Others say that competition is bad；that it sets one person against another；that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

I have taught many children who held the belief that their self worth relied (依赖)on how well they performed at tennis and other skills.For them，playing well and winning are often life and death affairs. In their single minded pursuit(追求)of success, the development, of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

However，while some seem to be lost in die desire to succeed，others take an opposite attitude.In a culture which values only die winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players，they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people，I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying，they always have an excuse：“I may have lost，but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.”What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost，that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly，this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve(缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.

【1】What does this passage mainly talk about?

A. Opinions about competition are different among people.

B. Competition helps to set up self-respect.

C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.

D. Failures are necessary experiences in competition.

【2】Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?

A. It builds up a sense of duty.

B. It pushes society forward.

C. It improves personal abilities.

D. It encourages individual efforts.

【3】What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”?

A. One’s success in competition needs great efforts.

B. One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others.

C. One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills.

D. One’s success is based on how hard he has tried.

【4】Which point of view may the author agree to?

A. Every effort should be paid back.

B. Competition should be paid back.

C. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.

D. Winning should be a life-and-death matter.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【3】B

【4】C

【解析】

试题分析：本文论述的是关于竞争的争论。作者认为这个基本的和棘手的恐惧开始缓解,我们能找到一种新的竞争的定义.

【1】A主旨大意题。根据文章第一段In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.Others say that competition is bad；that it sets one person against another；that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. 在现代社会,有许多关于竞争的争论. 有一些人相信这是对社会进步和繁荣的负责;另一些人认为竞争是有害的,因为这会让一个人去对抗另一个人,更会导致人们不友好的关系.

【2】B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. 有一些人相信这是对社会进步和繁荣的负责。故选B。

【3】B细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二、三句Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly，this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. 一些失败是很好的判定自己价值的措施. 清楚的是, 这个信念真正的竞争对手会试图证明自己.两者都会有一个错误的认识,这个认识是他们要对比对手的完成的情况.两者都害怕自己的价值不能体现. 故选B。

【4】C细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve(缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.这个基本的和棘手的恐惧开始缓解,我们能找到一种新的竞争的定义. 故选C。

【名师点拨】

通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：

1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。

2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。

3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。

4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。

细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. 有一些人相信这是对社会进步和繁荣的负责。故选B。B选项It pushes society forward.和文章中it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.是表达了相同的意思。如果抓住了这一点，就很容易找到答案。