3．Chimps（黑猩猩） will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering in war parties to protect their territory．But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings，they have little instinct （本能） to help one another．Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves．Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children．Who are able from a young age to gather their own food．
In the laboratory，chimps don't naturally share food either．If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no great effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage，he will pull at random---he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not．Chimps are truly selfish．
Human children，on the other hand are extremely corporative．From the earliest ages，they decide to help others，to share information and to participate a achieving common goals．The psychologist Michael Tomselle has studied this corporativiness in a series of expensive with very young children．He finds that if babies aged 18months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help．
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught．but naturally possessed in young children．One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially．Another is that the helping behavices are not improved if the children are remanded．A third reason is that social intelligenct．Develops in children before their general cognitive（认知的）skills，at least when compared with chimps..In tests conducted by Tomtasell，the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests，but were considerably better at understanding the social world
The cure of what children's minds have and chimps'don't in what Tomaseflo calls what．Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking．But that，even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose．They actively seek to be part of a"we"，a group that intends to work toward a shared goal．
58．what can we learn from the experiment with chimps？A
A Chimps seldom care about others'interests．
B．Chimps tend to provide food for their children．
C．Chimps like to take in their neighbors'food．
D．Chimps naturally share food with each other．
59．Micheal Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that theyA
A．have the instinct to help others．
B．know how to offer help to adults．
C．know the world better than chimps．
D．trust adults with their hands full
60．The passage is mainly aboutC
A．the helping behaviors of young children．
B．ways to train children's shared intentionality．
C．cooperation as a distinctive human nature．
D．the development of intelligence in children．
分析 本文主要通过实验得出，黑猩猩生来就缺乏合作意识，他们天生就不会与他人分享食物，并且非常自私；与之相反的是人类从婴幼儿时期开始就有合作意识，有帮助他人并与他人分享的欲望．文章还从多方面的原因证明了合作意识是人类生来就有的本能．
解答 答案：
58．A 主旨大意题 文中第二段主要讲述了在实验室里，黑猩猩也是生来就不会和他人分享食物，并且还非常的自私；A 黑猩猩很少关心他人的利益．B．黑猩猩往往会为他们的孩子提供食物．C．黑猩猩喜欢拿它邻居的食物．D．黑猩猩生来就互相分享食物；故选A
59．A 主旨大意题 根据第三段的中心句"Human children，on the other hand are extremely corporative．另一方面．人类的孩子就非常具有合作意识"以及"He finds that if babies aged 18months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help．他发现如果18个月大的婴儿看到一个因双手满是东西为无法打开门而焦虑的成人时，几乎所有的婴儿都会立刻尝试着去帮忙．"可知，幼小的孩子们就有帮助别人的意识或本能；因此Micheal Tomasello对孩子们的测试表明：A．有帮助别人的本能．是正确的；本题容易错选B．根据本段的主旨大意可知，不是"B．知道如何向成人提供帮助"，而是知道有意识地去帮助成人，所以B不正确；故选A
60．C 主旨大意题 通读全文可知，本文通过将黑猩猩与婴幼儿的实验结果对比得出，合作是人类所特有的本性．故选C
点评 做本题时，首先需要通读全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次，快速浏览后面的题目，并结合问题到文中相应的段落去寻找答案；另外，本文问题的设置旨在考查对全文或段落的主旨大意的概括上，因此在平时的阅读训练中，要学会找文章的中心段，或段落的中心句，并加以概括，从而提炼出文章或段落的主旨大意．
